Page | 1
PSYC 388- Final Questions with
Detailed Verified Answers
Question:List 5 factors that influenced the development of counselling in
Canada since the 1960s.
Ans: - There was a shift to group therapy in the 60s
- In the 90s, there was a focus on counselling issues related to the whole
person.
-Canadian guidance Counsellor's association was created in 1965.
-Counselling became a distinct profession in the 1980s.
-The first counselling section was formed by CPA in 1986. This was important
because it distinguished counselling from other psychological professions.
-In 1989, CPA established accreditation criteria for their doctoral program in
counselling.
Question: E.G. Williamson
Ans: Created the first counselling theory in the 1930s.
Question: Clifford Beers
Ans: He was hospitalized for mental illness. He advocated for better
treatment of patients and for better mental health facilities.
Question: Frank Parsons
Ans: Founder of vocational guidance
Question: Carl Rogers
, Page | 2
Ans: Had a humanistic view; developed person-centered therapy.
Question: Albert Ellis
Ans: Developed rational emotive therapy. It's a type of cognitive therapy that
focuses on changing the client's irrational beliefs.
Question: Eric Berne
Ans: Father of transactional analysis. Said there are 3 ego states: the child, the
adult, and the parent.
Question: Aaron Beck
Ans: Pioneer in cognitive therapy. His method helps patients identify
automatic thoughts and reactions, and helps them develop more beneficial
reactions.
Question: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Ans: (level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and Security, (level 3)
Relationships, Love and Affection, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5) Self
Actualization
Question: Diff between Canada and US in counselling
Ans: Counselling in USA grew out of professional psychology; in Canada grew
out of educational psychology.
Question: 1980s counselling also changed because of
Ans: attention to gender issues and sexual preferences, feminist theory,
renewed emphasis on moral development, challenges of working with
different ethnic and cultural groups.
Question: Lawrence Kohlberg
, Page | 3
Ans: moral development; presented boys moral dilemmas and studied their
responses and reasoning processes in making moral decisions. Most famous
moral dilemma is "Heinz" who has an ill wife and cannot afford the
medication. Should he steal the medication and why?
Question: Wellness Mode --2000
Ans: Wellness Mode --2000
Question: Describe how the vocational guidance movement in public schools,
and later in Canadian colleges and universities, contributed to the growth of
the profession of counselling in Canada.
Ans: Counsellors and guidance counsellors started to replace teachers in
schools in areas of testing and counselling. School boards begin hiring full-
time counsellors as a result of the rising popularity of Rogers' humanistic
approach. Counselling became to be seen as a crucial part of schools and
should be its own profession.
Question: An important difference between psychiatrists and other allied
mental health professionals is:
Ans: their ability to provide and monitor psychotropic medication
Question: Guidance deals with ___. counselling deals with ___
Ans: choice; change
Question: Good qualities for effective counsellor (12)
, Page | 4
Ans: Curiosity,
ability to listen,
empathy,
comfort with conversation,
emotional intelligence,
introspection,
capacity for self-denial,
comfort with power,
ability to laugh,
monitor own biases,
ask for clarification,
explore racial and cultural differences
Question: Bad reasons for becoming a counsellor (6)
Ans: 1. Emotional distress,
2. Vicarious coping,
3. loneliness,
4. Desire for Power,
5. Need for love,
6. Vicarious rebellion
PSYC 388- Final Questions with
Detailed Verified Answers
Question:List 5 factors that influenced the development of counselling in
Canada since the 1960s.
Ans: - There was a shift to group therapy in the 60s
- In the 90s, there was a focus on counselling issues related to the whole
person.
-Canadian guidance Counsellor's association was created in 1965.
-Counselling became a distinct profession in the 1980s.
-The first counselling section was formed by CPA in 1986. This was important
because it distinguished counselling from other psychological professions.
-In 1989, CPA established accreditation criteria for their doctoral program in
counselling.
Question: E.G. Williamson
Ans: Created the first counselling theory in the 1930s.
Question: Clifford Beers
Ans: He was hospitalized for mental illness. He advocated for better
treatment of patients and for better mental health facilities.
Question: Frank Parsons
Ans: Founder of vocational guidance
Question: Carl Rogers
, Page | 2
Ans: Had a humanistic view; developed person-centered therapy.
Question: Albert Ellis
Ans: Developed rational emotive therapy. It's a type of cognitive therapy that
focuses on changing the client's irrational beliefs.
Question: Eric Berne
Ans: Father of transactional analysis. Said there are 3 ego states: the child, the
adult, and the parent.
Question: Aaron Beck
Ans: Pioneer in cognitive therapy. His method helps patients identify
automatic thoughts and reactions, and helps them develop more beneficial
reactions.
Question: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Ans: (level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and Security, (level 3)
Relationships, Love and Affection, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5) Self
Actualization
Question: Diff between Canada and US in counselling
Ans: Counselling in USA grew out of professional psychology; in Canada grew
out of educational psychology.
Question: 1980s counselling also changed because of
Ans: attention to gender issues and sexual preferences, feminist theory,
renewed emphasis on moral development, challenges of working with
different ethnic and cultural groups.
Question: Lawrence Kohlberg
, Page | 3
Ans: moral development; presented boys moral dilemmas and studied their
responses and reasoning processes in making moral decisions. Most famous
moral dilemma is "Heinz" who has an ill wife and cannot afford the
medication. Should he steal the medication and why?
Question: Wellness Mode --2000
Ans: Wellness Mode --2000
Question: Describe how the vocational guidance movement in public schools,
and later in Canadian colleges and universities, contributed to the growth of
the profession of counselling in Canada.
Ans: Counsellors and guidance counsellors started to replace teachers in
schools in areas of testing and counselling. School boards begin hiring full-
time counsellors as a result of the rising popularity of Rogers' humanistic
approach. Counselling became to be seen as a crucial part of schools and
should be its own profession.
Question: An important difference between psychiatrists and other allied
mental health professionals is:
Ans: their ability to provide and monitor psychotropic medication
Question: Guidance deals with ___. counselling deals with ___
Ans: choice; change
Question: Good qualities for effective counsellor (12)
, Page | 4
Ans: Curiosity,
ability to listen,
empathy,
comfort with conversation,
emotional intelligence,
introspection,
capacity for self-denial,
comfort with power,
ability to laugh,
monitor own biases,
ask for clarification,
explore racial and cultural differences
Question: Bad reasons for becoming a counsellor (6)
Ans: 1. Emotional distress,
2. Vicarious coping,
3. loneliness,
4. Desire for Power,
5. Need for love,
6. Vicarious rebellion
