(ALS)Advanced Life Support Exam Questions With Accurate
Answers.
who is ILCOR - accurate answers-International Liason Committee On
Resuscitation is an umbrella society that gains knowledge and research via
independent councils worldwide. From this knowledge, they produce
guidelines for use
when did ILCOR first produce their CPR guideline? - accurate answers-2000
ARC - accurate answers-Australian Resus. Council is a member of ILCOR
4 rings of chain of survival - adults - accurate answers-- early recognition and
call for help
- early cpr
- early defib
- post resus care
how many rings of chain of survival - paeds?
+ most important - accurate answers-5 chains
- first ring child safety and LCOD is injury in children 1yr and above. (targeted
interventions is belts and safety seats in cars and correct use of these)
- 3rd ring is activate emergency response system
what is the most common cause of CA for paeds? - accurate answers-asphyxia
why was the GCS invented + what year - accurate answers-1974, to be used in
a hospital setting to determine an individuals cerebral functioning
steps to obtain GCS (3) (stimulus wise) - accurate answers-1. verballing
introduce
2. peripheral stimulus - nail bed pressure (bilateral)
3. central stimulus - trap squeeze (bilateral)
scale of consciousness (7) - accurate answers-1. conscious
2. confused
3. disorientated
4. lethargy
5. stupor
,6. vegetative state
7. coma
what is AEIOUTIPS used for - accurate answers-diagnostic tool for LOC
AEIOU TIPS - accurate answers-Alcohol,
Epilepsy, encephalitis, electrolyte imbalance, endocrine
Insulin, Infection
Overdose or O2 (hypoxia)
Uremia,
Trauma, temp
Ischaemia
Poison
Stroke, shock, space occupying lesions
AEIOUTIPS (alcohol) - accurate answers-- ethanol
- CNS depressant
- absorbed rapidly across the wall of the intestine and carried to the brain
- effects are exacerbated in the elderly
- amount consumed usually results in different types of effects
AEIOUTIPS (Epilepsy) - accurate answers-- (1% of Australian population)
- Caused by disruption of the normal electrochemical activity of the brain that
results in seizures.
- Under certain circumstances anyone can have a seizure. It is only when there
is a tendency to have recurrent seizures (more than one) that epilepsy is
diagnosed
- Can result in altered conscious states prior, during and after seizures (post-
ictal)
AEIOUTIPS (encephalopathy) - accurate answers-- brain disease, damage or
malfunction
- Major symptom is an altered conscious state
- Other symptoms include memory loss, personality changes, dementia,
seizures and death
- Causes include infections, anoxia and brain trauma, alcohol, liver failure,
metabolic diseases, toxic chemicals, poor nutrition (lack B1)
,AEIOUTIPS (electrolyte abnormalities) - accurate answers-- electrolytes are
substances that become ions in solution and acquire the capacity to conduct
electricity
- Electrolytes are present in the human body, and the balance of the
electrolytes in our bodies is essential for normal function of our cells and our
organs
- Common electrolytes in the body include:
§ Sodium (hypo/hypernatraemia)
§ Potassium (hypo/hyperkalaemia)
§ Chloride (hypo/hyperchloraemia)
§ Bicarbonate - acts as buffer for pH levels
AEIOUTIPS (endocrine disorders) - accurate answers-- network of glands that
produce and release hormones
- Each gland releases specific hormones into your bloodstream. These travel
through your blood to other cells and help control or coordinate many body
processes
- Endocrine disease due to the development of lesions (such as nodules or
tumors) in the endocrine system, which may or may not affect hormone levels
AEIOUTIPS (insulin) - accurate answers-- When there is no insulin produced
or insulin insensitivity with the cells, leads to endocrine disorder affecting
blood sugar levels in the body.
- Neurons are more depended on glucose for their energy than other cells.
- Glucose deprivation causes disturbed neural dysfunction.
- Causes irritability, aggression and an altered conscious state.
AEIOUTIPS (ischaemia) - accurate answers-- Global ischaemia occurs with the
delivery of oxygen and glucose as well as the removal of metabolic waste
products is inadequate
- When dealing with the CNS, unconsciousness occurs within seconds of global
ischaemia
- If circulation restored quickly ---> Consciousness regained quickly with
minimal long-term physical impacts
AEIOUTIPS (overdose) - accurate answers-- Drugs that lead to effects to the
CNS - including prescription drugs and illicit drugs
(Narcotics, benzodiazepines, anti-depressants, paracetamol, anti psychotics)
- Uncommon that pts are trying to inflict harm on themselves
, - TIP: Always suspect poly-pharmacy overdose
AEIOUTIPS (oxygen deficiency) - accurate answers-- A lower-than-normal
concentration of oxygen in arterial blood, results in hypoxia (oxygen levels
available to tissues and organs). Hypoxia will occur with any interruption of
normal respiration
- Pure hypoxia is the deprivation of oxygen with a maintained blood flow
AEIOUTIPS (uremia) - accurate answers-- excessive amounts of urea in the
blood
- sign of kidney disease or failure
- clinical syndrome associated with fluid, electrolyte, and hormone imbalances
and metabolic abnormalities, which develop in parallel with deterioration of
renal function
- Severe complications of untreated uraemia include seizure, coma, cardiac
arrest, and death. Spontaneous bleeding can occur with severe uraemia and
may include gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, spontaneous subdural hematomas,
increased bleeding from any underlying disorder, or bleeding associated with
trauma
AEIOUTIPS (trauma) - accurate answers-- Compression = of skull and / or
contents
- Concussion = Brain shake
- Contusion = hematoma
AEIOUTIPS (temp) - accurate answers-- Hyperthermia >40°C
***Temperature regulating mechanisms are overwhelmed by:
- high temperatures in environment or
- Excessive exercise in moderate to extremely high temperatures
***Temperature regulating centers of the body fail - usually in older adults or
ill or incapacitated patients
- Hypothermia <35°C
***A decrease in heat production
***An increase in heat loss
***Mild (33-36°C), Moderate (33-34°C) or Severe (<30°C)
Answers.
who is ILCOR - accurate answers-International Liason Committee On
Resuscitation is an umbrella society that gains knowledge and research via
independent councils worldwide. From this knowledge, they produce
guidelines for use
when did ILCOR first produce their CPR guideline? - accurate answers-2000
ARC - accurate answers-Australian Resus. Council is a member of ILCOR
4 rings of chain of survival - adults - accurate answers-- early recognition and
call for help
- early cpr
- early defib
- post resus care
how many rings of chain of survival - paeds?
+ most important - accurate answers-5 chains
- first ring child safety and LCOD is injury in children 1yr and above. (targeted
interventions is belts and safety seats in cars and correct use of these)
- 3rd ring is activate emergency response system
what is the most common cause of CA for paeds? - accurate answers-asphyxia
why was the GCS invented + what year - accurate answers-1974, to be used in
a hospital setting to determine an individuals cerebral functioning
steps to obtain GCS (3) (stimulus wise) - accurate answers-1. verballing
introduce
2. peripheral stimulus - nail bed pressure (bilateral)
3. central stimulus - trap squeeze (bilateral)
scale of consciousness (7) - accurate answers-1. conscious
2. confused
3. disorientated
4. lethargy
5. stupor
,6. vegetative state
7. coma
what is AEIOUTIPS used for - accurate answers-diagnostic tool for LOC
AEIOU TIPS - accurate answers-Alcohol,
Epilepsy, encephalitis, electrolyte imbalance, endocrine
Insulin, Infection
Overdose or O2 (hypoxia)
Uremia,
Trauma, temp
Ischaemia
Poison
Stroke, shock, space occupying lesions
AEIOUTIPS (alcohol) - accurate answers-- ethanol
- CNS depressant
- absorbed rapidly across the wall of the intestine and carried to the brain
- effects are exacerbated in the elderly
- amount consumed usually results in different types of effects
AEIOUTIPS (Epilepsy) - accurate answers-- (1% of Australian population)
- Caused by disruption of the normal electrochemical activity of the brain that
results in seizures.
- Under certain circumstances anyone can have a seizure. It is only when there
is a tendency to have recurrent seizures (more than one) that epilepsy is
diagnosed
- Can result in altered conscious states prior, during and after seizures (post-
ictal)
AEIOUTIPS (encephalopathy) - accurate answers-- brain disease, damage or
malfunction
- Major symptom is an altered conscious state
- Other symptoms include memory loss, personality changes, dementia,
seizures and death
- Causes include infections, anoxia and brain trauma, alcohol, liver failure,
metabolic diseases, toxic chemicals, poor nutrition (lack B1)
,AEIOUTIPS (electrolyte abnormalities) - accurate answers-- electrolytes are
substances that become ions in solution and acquire the capacity to conduct
electricity
- Electrolytes are present in the human body, and the balance of the
electrolytes in our bodies is essential for normal function of our cells and our
organs
- Common electrolytes in the body include:
§ Sodium (hypo/hypernatraemia)
§ Potassium (hypo/hyperkalaemia)
§ Chloride (hypo/hyperchloraemia)
§ Bicarbonate - acts as buffer for pH levels
AEIOUTIPS (endocrine disorders) - accurate answers-- network of glands that
produce and release hormones
- Each gland releases specific hormones into your bloodstream. These travel
through your blood to other cells and help control or coordinate many body
processes
- Endocrine disease due to the development of lesions (such as nodules or
tumors) in the endocrine system, which may or may not affect hormone levels
AEIOUTIPS (insulin) - accurate answers-- When there is no insulin produced
or insulin insensitivity with the cells, leads to endocrine disorder affecting
blood sugar levels in the body.
- Neurons are more depended on glucose for their energy than other cells.
- Glucose deprivation causes disturbed neural dysfunction.
- Causes irritability, aggression and an altered conscious state.
AEIOUTIPS (ischaemia) - accurate answers-- Global ischaemia occurs with the
delivery of oxygen and glucose as well as the removal of metabolic waste
products is inadequate
- When dealing with the CNS, unconsciousness occurs within seconds of global
ischaemia
- If circulation restored quickly ---> Consciousness regained quickly with
minimal long-term physical impacts
AEIOUTIPS (overdose) - accurate answers-- Drugs that lead to effects to the
CNS - including prescription drugs and illicit drugs
(Narcotics, benzodiazepines, anti-depressants, paracetamol, anti psychotics)
- Uncommon that pts are trying to inflict harm on themselves
, - TIP: Always suspect poly-pharmacy overdose
AEIOUTIPS (oxygen deficiency) - accurate answers-- A lower-than-normal
concentration of oxygen in arterial blood, results in hypoxia (oxygen levels
available to tissues and organs). Hypoxia will occur with any interruption of
normal respiration
- Pure hypoxia is the deprivation of oxygen with a maintained blood flow
AEIOUTIPS (uremia) - accurate answers-- excessive amounts of urea in the
blood
- sign of kidney disease or failure
- clinical syndrome associated with fluid, electrolyte, and hormone imbalances
and metabolic abnormalities, which develop in parallel with deterioration of
renal function
- Severe complications of untreated uraemia include seizure, coma, cardiac
arrest, and death. Spontaneous bleeding can occur with severe uraemia and
may include gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, spontaneous subdural hematomas,
increased bleeding from any underlying disorder, or bleeding associated with
trauma
AEIOUTIPS (trauma) - accurate answers-- Compression = of skull and / or
contents
- Concussion = Brain shake
- Contusion = hematoma
AEIOUTIPS (temp) - accurate answers-- Hyperthermia >40°C
***Temperature regulating mechanisms are overwhelmed by:
- high temperatures in environment or
- Excessive exercise in moderate to extremely high temperatures
***Temperature regulating centers of the body fail - usually in older adults or
ill or incapacitated patients
- Hypothermia <35°C
***A decrease in heat production
***An increase in heat loss
***Mild (33-36°C), Moderate (33-34°C) or Severe (<30°C)
