CARDIOVASCULAR CERTIFICATION
EXAM REVIEW 2025 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Systolic Heart Faiure - ANS The left ventricle loses its ability to contract normally. The heart
can't pump with enough force to push enough blood into circulation.
Diastolic Heart Faiure - ANS The left ventricle loses its ability to relax normally (because the
muscle has become stiff). The heart can't properly fill with blood during the resting period
between each beat.
Right-sided heart failure - ANS Right-sided or right ventricular (RV) heart failure usually
occurs as a result of left-sided failure. When the left ventricle fails, increased fluid pressure is, in
effect, transferred back through the lungs, ultimately damaging the heart's right side. When the
right side loses pumping power, blood backs up in the body's veins. This usually causes swelling
in the legs and ankles.
Janeway lesion (description) - ANS non-tender, small erythematous or haemorrhagic macular
or nodular lesions on the palms or soles only a few millimeters in diameter
Janeway lesions (diagnosis) - ANS infective endocarditis
Anterior STEMI leads - ANS I, aVL, V1-V6
Lateral STEMI leads - ANS I, aVL, V5-V6
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, Inferior STEMI leads - ANS II, III aVF
Right Ventricle STEMI leads - ANS V1 and V4R
III > II
Posterior STEMI - ANS V7, 8, and 9
Anterior STEMI artery blocked... - ANS LAD
Lateral STEMI artery blocked... - ANS LCX or MO
Inferior STEMI artery blocked... - ANS RCA
Posterior STEMI artery blocked... - ANS RCX
NYHA Class I Heart Failure - ANS Patients with cardiac disease but resulting in no limitation of
physical activity. Ordinary physical activity does not cause undue fatigue, palpitation, dyspnea
or anginal pain.
NYHA Class II Heart Failure - ANS Patients with cardiac disease resulting in slight limitation of
physical activity. They are comfortable at rest. Ordinary physical activity results in fatigue,
palpitation, dyspnea or anginal pain.
NYHA Class III Heart Failure - ANS Patients with cardiac disease resulting in marked limitation
of physical activity. They are comfortable at rest. Less than ordinary activity causes fatigue,
palpitation, dyspnea or anginal pain.
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EXAM REVIEW 2025 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Systolic Heart Faiure - ANS The left ventricle loses its ability to contract normally. The heart
can't pump with enough force to push enough blood into circulation.
Diastolic Heart Faiure - ANS The left ventricle loses its ability to relax normally (because the
muscle has become stiff). The heart can't properly fill with blood during the resting period
between each beat.
Right-sided heart failure - ANS Right-sided or right ventricular (RV) heart failure usually
occurs as a result of left-sided failure. When the left ventricle fails, increased fluid pressure is, in
effect, transferred back through the lungs, ultimately damaging the heart's right side. When the
right side loses pumping power, blood backs up in the body's veins. This usually causes swelling
in the legs and ankles.
Janeway lesion (description) - ANS non-tender, small erythematous or haemorrhagic macular
or nodular lesions on the palms or soles only a few millimeters in diameter
Janeway lesions (diagnosis) - ANS infective endocarditis
Anterior STEMI leads - ANS I, aVL, V1-V6
Lateral STEMI leads - ANS I, aVL, V5-V6
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, Inferior STEMI leads - ANS II, III aVF
Right Ventricle STEMI leads - ANS V1 and V4R
III > II
Posterior STEMI - ANS V7, 8, and 9
Anterior STEMI artery blocked... - ANS LAD
Lateral STEMI artery blocked... - ANS LCX or MO
Inferior STEMI artery blocked... - ANS RCA
Posterior STEMI artery blocked... - ANS RCX
NYHA Class I Heart Failure - ANS Patients with cardiac disease but resulting in no limitation of
physical activity. Ordinary physical activity does not cause undue fatigue, palpitation, dyspnea
or anginal pain.
NYHA Class II Heart Failure - ANS Patients with cardiac disease resulting in slight limitation of
physical activity. They are comfortable at rest. Ordinary physical activity results in fatigue,
palpitation, dyspnea or anginal pain.
NYHA Class III Heart Failure - ANS Patients with cardiac disease resulting in marked limitation
of physical activity. They are comfortable at rest. Less than ordinary activity causes fatigue,
palpitation, dyspnea or anginal pain.
2 Copyright ©2025 THESTAR ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
