Psych 226 Final Questions and answers Newest RATED A+ 2025/2026 Updated

Psych 226 Final Questions and answers Newest RATED
A+ 2025/2026 Updated
A researcher assesses the reading level of 3rd graders on the 1st of every month for 3 months prior t
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o administering a new reading program and for 3 months following the program. This study is an exa
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mple of - Correct Answers time series design
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Il` A cross sectional development is an example of the general category of ____ designs -
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Il`Il`Correct Answers Nonequivalent group Il` Il`Il`Il`Il`Il` Il`




Il` Which statement accurately describes what is evaluated by differential research -
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Il`Il`Correct Answers Differences in scores between preexisting groups of participants
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A researcher is comparing the optimism scores of ppl who are religious with ppl who are not religio
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us. In this study, whether or not a person is religious is the ___ variable and level of the optimism is t
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he ____ variable - Correct Answers quasi-independent; dependent
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Il` Which of these designs comes closest t being a true experiment -
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Il`Il`Correct Answers a time series design Il` Il`Il`Il`Il`Il` Il` Il` Il`




Il` The goal of the pre-post design is to examine the effects of the treatment measuring -
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Il`Il`Correct Answers one group before and after a treatment Il` Il`Il`Il`Il`Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




A researcher studies language development by selecting a sample of 2 yr old children, a sample of 3
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yr old children and a sample of 4 yr old children. Each child's language skill is measured and the rese
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archer plans to compare the scores for the three groups. This study is an example of a -
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Correct Answers cross sectional developmental design
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A researcher comparing depression scores before and after treatment in one group of clients, is usi
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ng a - Correct Answers pre-post design
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,Il` Although non experiments resemble true experiments, they contain ___ and cannot ____ -
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Il`Il`Correct Answers Threats to internal validity; establish casual relationships
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What is the appropriate statistical analysis for comparing non-
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numerical data for a differential design comparing samples representing two populations - Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




Correct Answers chi-square test for independence
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Which threat to internal validity occurs in any study with nonequivalent groups and prevents resea
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rchers from making conclusive claims about causality - Correct Answers Individual differences
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A researcher measures nicotine cravings in participants each day for one week before and for one w
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eek after the researcher begins a program designed to help patients quit smoking. This is an exampl
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e of a ____ design - Correct Answers time series
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6 months after a devastating earthquake, a researcher goes back and examines archival data that in
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dicates how prepared residents in the area were for a disaster before the earthquake hit unexpecte
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dly. The researcher then gathers data on how prepared residents are for a disaster 6 months later an
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d compares the scores. this study is an example of - Correct Answers interrupted time series
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Last fall, a state college introduced a one-
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week study skills course for new freshmen students. At the end of the academic year, the college co
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mpared the grades and dropout rate for their freshmen with the corresponding measurements for f
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reshmen at a neighboring state college. This study is an example of a ____. - Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




Correct Answers posttest-only nonequivalent control group design
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Il` Pre-post designs are threatened by ____. - Correct Answers Factors related to the passage of time
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A research study that evaluates changes in behavior related to age over time by examining one grou
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p of participants who are all roughly the same age is called a(n) ____. -
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Correct Answers longitudinal developmental design
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,Il` Differential history effects are a threat to internal validity for which of the following designs? -
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Il`Il`Correct Answers Pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design
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A researcher introduces a new exercise program in the psychiatric ward of one hospital and uses th
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e psychiatric ward at another hospital as a no-
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treatment control group. Before the program begins, the depressed patients in both hospitals are e
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valuated for their level of depression. After the program is in place for six months, the patients are e
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valuated again and the researcher compares the before and after scores for the two groups. This res
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earch study is classified as ____. - Correct Answers Quasi experimental
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In nonexperimental and quasi-
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experimental studies, different groups or conditions are defined in terms of ____. - Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`




Correct Answers Preexisting participant variables or time
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Il` A research study that evaluates changes in behavior related to age by examining different groups of
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` individuals, with each group representing a different age, is called a(n) ____. -
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Correct Answers cross-sectional developmental design
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Il` A problem with a longitudinal design is that the results may be distorted by ____. -
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Il`Il`Correct Answers Participant attrition Il` Il`Il`Il`Il`Il` Il`




. A researcher introduces a new phonics program in one preschool and uses a neighboring prescho
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ol as a no- Il` Il` Il`




treatment control group. After the program is in place for one academic year, the researcher intend
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s to evaluate the reading skills of the students in both preschools and then compare their scores. Thi
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s research cannot be classified as a true experiment because ____. -
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Correct Answers the researcher does not control the assignment of participants to groups
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Il` A differential research design is an example of a ____. -
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Il`Il`Correct Answers Nonequivalent group design Il` Il`Il`Il`Il`Il` Il` Il`

, Il` Which threat to internal validity is particular concern to pre-post designs -
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Il`Il`Correct Answers Maturation Il` Il`Il`Il`Il`Il`




Il` What is a time-related threat to internal validity for a within-subjects experiment? -
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Il`Il`Correct Answers Carry-over Il` Il`Il`Il`Il`Il`




Il` What is the effect of counterbalancing -
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Il`Il`Correct Answers It spreads order effects evenly across the treatment conditions
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Which research design involves measuring the same group of participants in two different treatme
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nt conditions? - Correct Answers Within-subjects
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The tendency for individuals who have extreme scores (high or low) on one measurement and to ha
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ve less extreme scores on a second measurement is called ____. -
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Correct Answers regression toward the mean
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Il` A way to control for order effects in a within-subjects experiment is to use ____. -
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Il`Il`Correct Answers Counterbalancing Il` Il`Il`Il`Il`Il`




Which manipulation of the time period between treatment conditions reduces the chances of hist
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ory influencing the results of a within-subjects experiment? - Correct Answers Shortening
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Il` Order effects can become a confounding variable because ____. -
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Il`Il`Correct Answers earlier conditions affect outcomes under later conditions
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Il` What are the two major threats to internal validity in within-subjects experiments? -
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Il`Il`Correct Answers Environmental variables and time-related variables
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