Apea Pharm Cardiovascular

APEA PHARM CARDIOVASCULAR EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS 100% PASS (A+) The side effect profile of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) is similar to the side effects of: angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE) inhibitors. beta-blockers. calcium channel blockers. pressors. - Answer angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE) inhibitors. Isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil) is indicated for the treatment of: acute angina. chronic angina. myocardial infarction. esophageal spasm. - Answer chronic angina. Isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil) titradose tablets are indicated for the prevention of angina pectoris due to coronary artery disease. The onset of action of immediate-release oral isosorbide dinitrate is not sufficiently rapid for this product to be useful in aborting an acute anginal episode. Therefore, it is not indicated in the treatment of acute angina and myocardial infarction. The treatment of esophageal spasms disorders is an off-label use. Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (i.e. verapamil) may be safely used in patients with: heart failure. bradycardia. second-degree AV block. chronic stable angina. - Answer chronic stable angina. Non-dihydropyridine CCBs (non-DHP CCB; i.e. verapamil [Calan] and diltiazem [Cardizem]) have negative chronotropic and inotropic effects. Therefore, they slow down heart rate and decrease force of ventricular contractions. Non-DHP CCBs are contraindicated in patients with heart failure who have reduced ejection fraction, sick sinus syndrome, and second- or third-degree atrioventricular block. Since non-DHP CCBs increase myocardial blood flow by dilating coronary arteries, they are beneficial in patients with chronic stable angina. Patients who are started on olmesartan (Benicar) should be advised to report: bladder spasms and dysuria. constipation and weakness. diarrhea and weight loss. metallic taste and easy bruising. - Answer diarrhea and weight loss. Patients should be advised to report persistent chronic diarrhea and weight loss while taking olmesartan medoxomil (Benicar). This drug can produce a sprue-like enteropathy characterized by severe chronic diarrhea and weight loss occurring months to years after initiation of the drug. Benicar is an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB). Once other etiologies have been excluded, discontinue Benicar and consider an alternative hypertension treatment. The medication that produces vasodilation and thus lowers blood pressure by inhibiting the formation of angiotensin II is: amlodipine (Norvasc). losartan (Cozaar). enalapril (Vasotec). metoprolol (Lopressor). - Answer enalapril (Vasotec).