HSC 343 Clinical Pharmacology
Exam #3 Questions with Verified
Answers
anasarca - ANSWERSGeneralized edema, multiple organ failure (hepatorenal)
ascites - ANSWERSabdominal fluid accumulation seen in liver failure
treatment: paracentesis/diuretics
pitting edema - ANSWERSseen in heart failure (gravity works against you) diuretics
help dump fluid
head trauma - ANSWERSswelling of the brain. Cells may burst from excessive fluid
treatment:steroids and diuretic
glaucoma - ANSWERStoo much aqueous humor. fluid leaves the eye through the
trabecular meshwork. Increased fluid will cause the detachment of the optic disk and
optic nerve
Classes of diuretics - ANSWERSthiazides
loop
potassium sparing
osmotic
Thiazide diuretics - ANSWERSchlorothiazide
hydrochlorothiazide- 1st line agent for stage 1 HTN
chlorthalidone- 1st line agent for stage 1 HTN
INCREASE POTASSIUM IN DIET
Loop diuretics - ANSWERSFurosemide
Bumetanide (most potent)
WILL NEED A POTASSIUM SUPPLEMENT
potassium sparing diuretics - ANSWERSamiloride
spirinolactone
triamterene/amiloride
osmotic diuretic - ANSWERSmannitol
, thiazide uses - ANSWERSHTN (lisinopril/hctz)
mild CHF
edema
thiazide side effects - ANSWERShypokalemia
hyperuricemia
hyperglycemia
hyercalcemia
fluid loss, decreased BP
increased toxic reactions to digoxin and lithium
Loop diuretic uses (Potent) - ANSWERSCHF
renal disease
HTN crisis
anasarca
Loop diuretic side effects - ANSWERSincreased urination
hypokalemia (K+ supplement needed)
hyperuricemia
hyperglycemia
ototoxicity (occurs with furosemide and ethacrynic acid). Occurs in IV use and rapid
infusion
Potassium sparing diuretic uses - ANSWERSused in combination with other diuretics
(especially thiazides) to treat HTN
hyperkalemia (especially if used alone)
spirinolactone (K+ sparing diuretic) - ANSWERShyperaldosteronism- may cause
endocrine imbalance like hursutism and gynecomastia
Triamterene/Amiloride - ANSWERShyperkalemia is worse and may turn urine BLUE
Osmotic diuretic uses - ANSWERSonly used in hospital settings or in a chemo setting
renal failure
increased drug excretion
decreases ICP (Intracranial pressure) and IOP (Intraocular pressure)
Osmotic diuretic side effects - ANSWERSheadache
nausea, vomiting and diarrhea
may increase venous BP initially and could induce heart failure
mannitol - ANSWERSflushes drug out of kidneys
draws fluid out of cells- dehydrates the patient
diuretic uses in heart failure - ANSWERSreduce preload and afterload (blood volume)
Exam #3 Questions with Verified
Answers
anasarca - ANSWERSGeneralized edema, multiple organ failure (hepatorenal)
ascites - ANSWERSabdominal fluid accumulation seen in liver failure
treatment: paracentesis/diuretics
pitting edema - ANSWERSseen in heart failure (gravity works against you) diuretics
help dump fluid
head trauma - ANSWERSswelling of the brain. Cells may burst from excessive fluid
treatment:steroids and diuretic
glaucoma - ANSWERStoo much aqueous humor. fluid leaves the eye through the
trabecular meshwork. Increased fluid will cause the detachment of the optic disk and
optic nerve
Classes of diuretics - ANSWERSthiazides
loop
potassium sparing
osmotic
Thiazide diuretics - ANSWERSchlorothiazide
hydrochlorothiazide- 1st line agent for stage 1 HTN
chlorthalidone- 1st line agent for stage 1 HTN
INCREASE POTASSIUM IN DIET
Loop diuretics - ANSWERSFurosemide
Bumetanide (most potent)
WILL NEED A POTASSIUM SUPPLEMENT
potassium sparing diuretics - ANSWERSamiloride
spirinolactone
triamterene/amiloride
osmotic diuretic - ANSWERSmannitol
, thiazide uses - ANSWERSHTN (lisinopril/hctz)
mild CHF
edema
thiazide side effects - ANSWERShypokalemia
hyperuricemia
hyperglycemia
hyercalcemia
fluid loss, decreased BP
increased toxic reactions to digoxin and lithium
Loop diuretic uses (Potent) - ANSWERSCHF
renal disease
HTN crisis
anasarca
Loop diuretic side effects - ANSWERSincreased urination
hypokalemia (K+ supplement needed)
hyperuricemia
hyperglycemia
ototoxicity (occurs with furosemide and ethacrynic acid). Occurs in IV use and rapid
infusion
Potassium sparing diuretic uses - ANSWERSused in combination with other diuretics
(especially thiazides) to treat HTN
hyperkalemia (especially if used alone)
spirinolactone (K+ sparing diuretic) - ANSWERShyperaldosteronism- may cause
endocrine imbalance like hursutism and gynecomastia
Triamterene/Amiloride - ANSWERShyperkalemia is worse and may turn urine BLUE
Osmotic diuretic uses - ANSWERSonly used in hospital settings or in a chemo setting
renal failure
increased drug excretion
decreases ICP (Intracranial pressure) and IOP (Intraocular pressure)
Osmotic diuretic side effects - ANSWERSheadache
nausea, vomiting and diarrhea
may increase venous BP initially and could induce heart failure
mannitol - ANSWERSflushes drug out of kidneys
draws fluid out of cells- dehydrates the patient
diuretic uses in heart failure - ANSWERSreduce preload and afterload (blood volume)
