BIO 210 Final Exam:BIO 210 Final Exam Review: Questions & Answers: Latest Updated

Define enzyme. (Ans- A globular protein that acts as a biological catalyst (increases the rates of chemical reactions within the body) Define substrate. (Ans- The substance that an enzyme acts on Differentiate between RNA and DNA. Name the monosaccharide found in RNA and name the monosaccharide found in DNA. List the nitrogenous bases found in RNA and in DNA. (Ans- RNA: ribonucleic acid - functions in protein synthesis, monosaccharide is ribose, nitrogenous bases are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid - hereditary material of cells, monosaccharide is deoxyribose, nitrogenous bases are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine Define cell. (Ans- The smallest unit of lifeDescribe the structure of the plasma membrane. (Ans- Structurally, the plasma membrane is a phospholipid bilayer. Glycerol phosphate groups lie on the inside and outside of the plasma membrane, and between these, 2 fatty acids are attached to each glycerol head. Define selectively permeable. (Ans- Having the ability to select what can enter and exit Define simple diffusion. (Ans- Passive transport process that involves the transport of substances from high concentration to low concentration (down concentration gradient) Define facilitated diffusion. (Ans- Substances are transported either by binding to carrier proteins (which ferry the substance cross the plasma membrane) or by moving through channel proteins Define concentration gradient. (Ans- A situation that occurs when the concentration of a solute is higher in one area than in anotherDefine osmosis. (Ans- Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane Define solute. (Ans- The substance in a mixture that is in lower concentration - there is often more than one Define solvent. (Ans- The substance in a mixture that is in higher concentration - there is only ever one, usually water Define osmotic pressure. (Ans- The tendency of water to move into the cell via osmosis Define hydrostatic pressure. (Ans- The pressure a fluid exerts on its container Define filtration. (Ans- Substances move from an area of high hydrostatic pressure to an area of low hydrostatic pressure, does not require the breakdown of ATPDefine active transport. (Ans- Transport process that requires the breakdown of ATP in order to utilize the released energy to move substances in or out of the cell. Net movement is often from low concentration to high (against concentration gradient).