BIOL 2402
BIOL 2402 Exam 1 Study Guide
Questions and Answers UPDATED 2025
Anatomy -Correct Answer ✔The study of the structure or shape of body parts and
their relationship to each other.
Physiology -Correct Answer ✔Study of function; how the body parts work.
Homeostasis -Correct Answer ✔Condition of maintaining the body's internal
environment in a relatively constant state.
Stress -Correct Answer ✔Anything that disturbs or alters the balance of the
internal environment.
Homeostatic mechanisms -Correct Answer ✔Mechanisms that are generally self-
regulating and serve to maintain the homeostatic steady state.
Feedback systems -Correct Answer ✔A conceptual way of viewing how
homeostatic mechanisms operate.
Control center monitors inputs and adjusts output accordingly.
Positive feedback -Correct Answer ✔A change in one direction accelerates more
change in the same direction.
Negative feedback -Correct Answer ✔A change in one direction results in a
feedback that causes change or adjustment in the opposite direction.
Electrical, chemical -Correct Answer ✔The input and output messages between
body parts may be conducted through ______ or ______ means.
Nervous system -Correct Answer ✔Uses electrical impulses delivered by neurons
to *specific* target cells.
BIOL 2402
,BIOL 2402
Neural control -Correct Answer ✔Quick, brief, and generally results in either a
muscle contraction or a gland secretion.
Endocrine system -Correct Answer ✔Affects cell activity by releasing chemical
messengers (hormones) directly into the blood system.
Hormonal control -Correct Answer ✔Takes from minutes to hours and the changes
are long-lasting.
Neural -Correct Answer ✔Target cells of ______ control are specific.
Hormonal -Correct Answer ✔Target cells of ______ control are varied.
Endocrine -Correct Answer ✔______ glands secrete products into extracellular
spaces, where they are picked up and transported by the circulatory system.
Exocrine -Correct Answer ✔______ glands secrete products by way of a duct onto
a surface.
Hormone -Correct Answer ✔A secretion that is transported in the blood and alters
the activity of (a) target cell(s).
Hormone -Correct Answer ✔A chemical messenger produced by one type of cell
which has specific effect on the metabolic activity of another type of cell.
Peptide -Correct Answer ✔Type of hormones that are water soluble.
Includes the majority of hormones.
Steroids -Correct Answer ✔Type of hormones that are lipid soluble.
Includes gonadal and some adrenal hormones.
BIOL 2402
, BIOL 2402
Exposed -Correct Answer ✔Since hormones are circulated in the bloodstream,
virtually all tissues are ______ to them.
Influences -Correct Answer ✔A given hormone ______ the activities of specific
target tissues.
Receptors -Correct Answer ✔Cells only respond to a hormone if they have the
specific ______ for that hormone.
Receptors -Correct Answer ✔Large proteins found mostly on the cell's surface.
Receptors -Correct Answer ✔Bind with specific hormones only (lock & key).
Physiological Change -Correct Answer ✔When hormone binds with a receptor, it
causes a chain of events within the cell, resulting in some ______.
Receptors -Correct Answer ✔A single hormone may produce different effects on
different cells, because there might be different ______.
Quantities -Correct Answer ✔A single hormone may produce different effects on
different cells, because there might be varying ______ of receptors producing
varying magnitudes of effect.
Intracellular -Correct Answer ✔Type of hormone receptors found within a cell.
Intracellular Receptors -Correct Answer ✔React with those hormones which are
able to pass through a cell's membrane.
Lipid -Correct Answer ✔Intracellular receptors react with ______-soluble
hormones.
Gene -Correct Answer ✔Hormone and intracellular receptor combine and move
into the nucleus, then activate or inhibit a ______.
BIOL 2402
BIOL 2402 Exam 1 Study Guide
Questions and Answers UPDATED 2025
Anatomy -Correct Answer ✔The study of the structure or shape of body parts and
their relationship to each other.
Physiology -Correct Answer ✔Study of function; how the body parts work.
Homeostasis -Correct Answer ✔Condition of maintaining the body's internal
environment in a relatively constant state.
Stress -Correct Answer ✔Anything that disturbs or alters the balance of the
internal environment.
Homeostatic mechanisms -Correct Answer ✔Mechanisms that are generally self-
regulating and serve to maintain the homeostatic steady state.
Feedback systems -Correct Answer ✔A conceptual way of viewing how
homeostatic mechanisms operate.
Control center monitors inputs and adjusts output accordingly.
Positive feedback -Correct Answer ✔A change in one direction accelerates more
change in the same direction.
Negative feedback -Correct Answer ✔A change in one direction results in a
feedback that causes change or adjustment in the opposite direction.
Electrical, chemical -Correct Answer ✔The input and output messages between
body parts may be conducted through ______ or ______ means.
Nervous system -Correct Answer ✔Uses electrical impulses delivered by neurons
to *specific* target cells.
BIOL 2402
,BIOL 2402
Neural control -Correct Answer ✔Quick, brief, and generally results in either a
muscle contraction or a gland secretion.
Endocrine system -Correct Answer ✔Affects cell activity by releasing chemical
messengers (hormones) directly into the blood system.
Hormonal control -Correct Answer ✔Takes from minutes to hours and the changes
are long-lasting.
Neural -Correct Answer ✔Target cells of ______ control are specific.
Hormonal -Correct Answer ✔Target cells of ______ control are varied.
Endocrine -Correct Answer ✔______ glands secrete products into extracellular
spaces, where they are picked up and transported by the circulatory system.
Exocrine -Correct Answer ✔______ glands secrete products by way of a duct onto
a surface.
Hormone -Correct Answer ✔A secretion that is transported in the blood and alters
the activity of (a) target cell(s).
Hormone -Correct Answer ✔A chemical messenger produced by one type of cell
which has specific effect on the metabolic activity of another type of cell.
Peptide -Correct Answer ✔Type of hormones that are water soluble.
Includes the majority of hormones.
Steroids -Correct Answer ✔Type of hormones that are lipid soluble.
Includes gonadal and some adrenal hormones.
BIOL 2402
, BIOL 2402
Exposed -Correct Answer ✔Since hormones are circulated in the bloodstream,
virtually all tissues are ______ to them.
Influences -Correct Answer ✔A given hormone ______ the activities of specific
target tissues.
Receptors -Correct Answer ✔Cells only respond to a hormone if they have the
specific ______ for that hormone.
Receptors -Correct Answer ✔Large proteins found mostly on the cell's surface.
Receptors -Correct Answer ✔Bind with specific hormones only (lock & key).
Physiological Change -Correct Answer ✔When hormone binds with a receptor, it
causes a chain of events within the cell, resulting in some ______.
Receptors -Correct Answer ✔A single hormone may produce different effects on
different cells, because there might be different ______.
Quantities -Correct Answer ✔A single hormone may produce different effects on
different cells, because there might be varying ______ of receptors producing
varying magnitudes of effect.
Intracellular -Correct Answer ✔Type of hormone receptors found within a cell.
Intracellular Receptors -Correct Answer ✔React with those hormones which are
able to pass through a cell's membrane.
Lipid -Correct Answer ✔Intracellular receptors react with ______-soluble
hormones.
Gene -Correct Answer ✔Hormone and intracellular receptor combine and move
into the nucleus, then activate or inhibit a ______.
BIOL 2402
