EXPH 386 STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔True or False: Elite athletes produce more energy than non-athletes during
exercise? - ✔✔False
✔✔second law of thermodynamics - ✔✔when energy is changed from one form to
another, some useful energy is always degraded into lower quality energy (usually heat)
✔✔Photosynthesis - ✔✔captures energy we utilize as food and oxygen
✔✔Cellular respiration - ✔✔part of the energy released becomes conserved in
compounds used for biologic processes
✔✔Enzymes - ✔✔highly specific and large protein catalyst which accelerates the
forward and reverse rates of chemical reactions within the body without being
consumed or changed in the reaction. (slower turnover rate and enhanced ability to be
reused)
✔✔Enzymes lower___ and catalyze reactions faster than uncatalyzed reactions -
✔✔activation energy
✔✔reaction rates depend upon - ✔✔pH, temperature, and availability of substrates
✔✔Mode of Action - ✔✔lock and key mechanism (active site), enzyme-substrate
complex
✔✔Coenzyme - ✔✔nonprotein organic substance that facilitate enzyme action by
binding the substrate with its specific enzyme
✔✔Oxidation reaction - ✔✔reactions that transfer oxygen atoms, hydrogen atoms, or
elections
✔✔Reduction reaction - ✔✔involves any process in which the atoms are in an element
gain electrons with a corresponding decrease in valence
✔✔reducing agent - ✔✔describes the substance that donates or loses electrons as it
oxidizes
✔✔oxidizing agent - ✔✔is the substance being reduced or gaining electrons
✔✔redox reaction - ✔✔oxidation and reduction reactions that occur together
✔✔Reduction reaction example - ✔✔pyruvate to lactate
, ✔✔Oxidation reaction example - ✔✔lactate to pyruvate
✔✔Hydrolysis - ✔✔a process by which complex organic molecules such as carbs,
lipids, and proteins are degraded or catabolized with the use of water into simpler forms
✔✔Metabolism - ✔✔the sum of all the chemical reactions that take place in a living
organism
✔✔Chemical energy trapped within carbs, lipids, and proteins is extracted in -
✔✔relatively small quantities to power all biological reactions
✔✔ATP - ✔✔nutrient energy stored in the energy rich compound
✔✔Enzyme that catalyzes ATP hydrolysis - ✔✔ATPase
✔✔What is formed when ATP is hydrolyzed? - ✔✔ADP
✔✔is hydrolysis exergonic or endergonic? - ✔✔exergonic
✔✔Cytosol - ✔✔anaerobic
✔✔Mitochondria - ✔✔aerobic
✔✔Only a small amount of ATP is stored within a cell so... - ✔✔it must be continually
synthesized
✔✔Higher free energy of hydrolysis than ATP and more stored in the body - ✔✔creatine
phosphate
✔✔CP reaction is... - ✔✔anaerobic
✔✔Phosphorylation - ✔✔is the transfer or energy in the form of high energy phosphate
bonds
✔✔Cellular Oxidation - ✔✔crucial mechanism for energy metabolism in the body
✔✔dehydrogenase enzymes - ✔✔catalyze the release of hydrogen atoms from nutrient
substrates
✔✔NAD+ - ✔✔is gaining a hydrogen and 2 electrons and is being reduced to NADH
✔✔FAD - ✔✔accepts both hydrogens to become FADH2
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔True or False: Elite athletes produce more energy than non-athletes during
exercise? - ✔✔False
✔✔second law of thermodynamics - ✔✔when energy is changed from one form to
another, some useful energy is always degraded into lower quality energy (usually heat)
✔✔Photosynthesis - ✔✔captures energy we utilize as food and oxygen
✔✔Cellular respiration - ✔✔part of the energy released becomes conserved in
compounds used for biologic processes
✔✔Enzymes - ✔✔highly specific and large protein catalyst which accelerates the
forward and reverse rates of chemical reactions within the body without being
consumed or changed in the reaction. (slower turnover rate and enhanced ability to be
reused)
✔✔Enzymes lower___ and catalyze reactions faster than uncatalyzed reactions -
✔✔activation energy
✔✔reaction rates depend upon - ✔✔pH, temperature, and availability of substrates
✔✔Mode of Action - ✔✔lock and key mechanism (active site), enzyme-substrate
complex
✔✔Coenzyme - ✔✔nonprotein organic substance that facilitate enzyme action by
binding the substrate with its specific enzyme
✔✔Oxidation reaction - ✔✔reactions that transfer oxygen atoms, hydrogen atoms, or
elections
✔✔Reduction reaction - ✔✔involves any process in which the atoms are in an element
gain electrons with a corresponding decrease in valence
✔✔reducing agent - ✔✔describes the substance that donates or loses electrons as it
oxidizes
✔✔oxidizing agent - ✔✔is the substance being reduced or gaining electrons
✔✔redox reaction - ✔✔oxidation and reduction reactions that occur together
✔✔Reduction reaction example - ✔✔pyruvate to lactate
, ✔✔Oxidation reaction example - ✔✔lactate to pyruvate
✔✔Hydrolysis - ✔✔a process by which complex organic molecules such as carbs,
lipids, and proteins are degraded or catabolized with the use of water into simpler forms
✔✔Metabolism - ✔✔the sum of all the chemical reactions that take place in a living
organism
✔✔Chemical energy trapped within carbs, lipids, and proteins is extracted in -
✔✔relatively small quantities to power all biological reactions
✔✔ATP - ✔✔nutrient energy stored in the energy rich compound
✔✔Enzyme that catalyzes ATP hydrolysis - ✔✔ATPase
✔✔What is formed when ATP is hydrolyzed? - ✔✔ADP
✔✔is hydrolysis exergonic or endergonic? - ✔✔exergonic
✔✔Cytosol - ✔✔anaerobic
✔✔Mitochondria - ✔✔aerobic
✔✔Only a small amount of ATP is stored within a cell so... - ✔✔it must be continually
synthesized
✔✔Higher free energy of hydrolysis than ATP and more stored in the body - ✔✔creatine
phosphate
✔✔CP reaction is... - ✔✔anaerobic
✔✔Phosphorylation - ✔✔is the transfer or energy in the form of high energy phosphate
bonds
✔✔Cellular Oxidation - ✔✔crucial mechanism for energy metabolism in the body
✔✔dehydrogenase enzymes - ✔✔catalyze the release of hydrogen atoms from nutrient
substrates
✔✔NAD+ - ✔✔is gaining a hydrogen and 2 electrons and is being reduced to NADH
✔✔FAD - ✔✔accepts both hydrogens to become FADH2
