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2025
What is the difference between heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke? -
ANSWER-Heat cramps: Normal - Elevated body temperatures. Weakness,
muscle cramping
When should you always transport to the nearest facility? - ANSWER-Airway
Emergencies, where the ability to adequately ventilate is absent. This includes
cardiac arrest.
Where should stable patients be transported to? - ANSWER-The hospital of
their choice, and if they do not have a choice, to the closest facility
What should you document prior to administering anti-emetics and/or pain
management in a patient with abdominal pain? - ANSWER-Mental Status and
Vital Signs
What defines a Mild, Moderate, and Severe allergic reaction? - ANSWER-
MILD: Involves skin rashes, itchy sensation, or hives with no respiratory
involvement (remember no respiratory involvement)
MODERATE: Reactions involving skin disorders and may include some
respiratory involvement like wheezing, yet the patient still maintains good tidal
volume air exchange (remember good tidal exchange)
,SEVERE: Reactions involving skin disorders, respiratory difficulty, and may
include hypotension (remember respiratory difficulty and hypotension)
At the EMT-B level, what should be provided to a patient with an allergic
reaction after you have already assisted administering them Epinephrine Auto-
Injector, and MDI? - ANSWER-Oxygen and airway support as needed
What form of Epinephrine should be prioritized in being administered before or
during attempts at IV/IO Epinephrine? - ANSWER-IM
In an adult patient, what is the Blood Glucose Level that you should begin
administering oral glucose at? - ANSWER-less than 60mg/dl
What should you always consider in patients who have an altered mental status?
- ANSWER-Low Blood Glucose Levels
Stroke
Seizure
Head injuries
Cardiac causes
Environmental toxins/exposure to HAZMAT
True or false: It may be necessary for the physician providing on-line medical
consultation to direct a prehospital provider in rendering care that is not
explicitly stated in the protocols, including administering a patients own
medicine which is not part of the approved formulary - ANSWER-True
An EMT/Paramedic may only proceed in providing care not covered in the
protocols once they and the Physician contact the _______________ -
ANSWER-OEMSTS (Office of EMS and Trauma System)
,After contacting OEMSTS for providing care that may have been outside your
scope of practice, that information is then recorded on what form? - ANSWER-
Quality Improvement Review
A patient is anyone who meets the following 3 criterias: - ANSWER-1. A
person with a CC, MOI or NOI that may be indicative of an injury/illness
2. A person who has obvious evidence of injury/illness
3. A person identified by a 2nd/3rd party caller as needing evaluation for
potential injury/illness
What is the last thing you should do when you are assisting a pregnant patient
deliver her baby? - ANSWER-Deliver the placenta.
If the pregnant patients baby has limb presentation, how should you position the
patient? - ANSWER-in the left lateral recumbent position
True/False: A pregnant patient with Breech presentation should be shifted into a
new position on the gurnee - ANSWER-False.
What should you do when a pregnant patients baby has breech presentation? -
ANSWER-Support the body of the baby during delivery of the head
How should you position a pregnant patient who has cord presentation? -
ANSWER-In the Trendelenburg position, and slightly on the left side
After positioning a pregnant patient with cord presentation, how should you
address the cord? - ANSWER-Wrap the cord and keep it moist
What are examples of active warming measures? - ANSWER-Hot packs that
can be used on the armpit and groin, but care should be taken to not apply them
directly to the skin
, What are the temperature ranges for Mild, Moderate, and Severe hypothermia? -
ANSWER-Mild: 90-95 degrees
Moderate: 82-90 degrees
Severe: below 82 degrees
What are the 4 mechanisms of Hypothermia? - ANSWER-Radiation: heat lost
to nearby objects without touching them
Conduction: body heat lost to other objects through direct contact
Convection: body heat is lost to surrounding air, which heats up, rises, and is
then replaced with cool air.
Evaporation: Body heat causes perspiration, and when the skin is persperated
the heat is transfered from the body to the liquid, turning it into a gas over time.
What is the first thing you should check in regards to a patient who drowned? -
ANSWER-Check is the airway is protected and if it is ventilated adequately
What should you do to a drown patient who is breathing on their own? What
about a patient who is not? - ANSWER-Start oxygen at 15L NRB for patients
who are breathing on their own. For patients who are not, use a BVM.
Remember that ADEQUATE VENTILATION IS KEY.
True/False: During cord presentation in a pregnant patient, you should insert a
gloved hand to lift the baby off the cord, and then obtain and document a cord
pulse - ANSWER-True.
What time related subjects should you be documenting in a pregnant patient? -
ANSWER-Time of delivery, Frequency of contractions, Length of contractions,
etc.