PSYC 375 EXAM 9 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS!!
What do dynorphins do?
They bind to kappa opiod receptors
What do enkephalins do
They bind to delta opioid receptors
What kind of receptors are opiates?
They are GCPRs; which act on second messengers and cause complex intracellular effects
Where are opiate receptors located?
Mainly in the PAG, Locus coeulus, medulla, and VTA
What are 2 ways that opiates inhibit neurotransmitter release?
1. Closing voltage gated Ca2+ channels on presynaptic terminal, leading to decrease
neurotransmitter release
2. GCPRs can open K+ channels to hyperpolarize the neuron, decreasing excitability
How do opiates do disinhibition
Mu receptors will bind to GABA-releasing neurons and cause less GABA release in the VTA
- This leads to excess dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens, and is involved in reward,
euphoria, and positive reinforcement produced by opioids
What is metahdone
Synthetic opioid useful in treating heroin abuse
Buprenorphine
Synthetic opioid used in treatment of heroin abuse
, What is fentanyl?
A synthetic opioid agonist at the mu opiod receptor
- up to 100 times mor epotent than morphin
What is carfentanil
Analogue of fentanyl that is 100 times more potent than fentanyl and 10000 times more potent
than morphine
- Mu opioid receptor agonist
Narcotic analgesics
Drugs that can be used to reduce the feeling of pain
What are the 4 hallucinogen classifications?
1. Acetylcholine similar
2. Indolamine similar to serotonin
3. Phenethylamine similar to norepinephrin
4. Chemically different
What are acetylcholine hallucinogens?
The ones that are similar to acetylcholine
- Atropine
- Scopolamine
They are Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists
What are anticholinergic hallucinogens?
CORRECT ANSWERS!!
What do dynorphins do?
They bind to kappa opiod receptors
What do enkephalins do
They bind to delta opioid receptors
What kind of receptors are opiates?
They are GCPRs; which act on second messengers and cause complex intracellular effects
Where are opiate receptors located?
Mainly in the PAG, Locus coeulus, medulla, and VTA
What are 2 ways that opiates inhibit neurotransmitter release?
1. Closing voltage gated Ca2+ channels on presynaptic terminal, leading to decrease
neurotransmitter release
2. GCPRs can open K+ channels to hyperpolarize the neuron, decreasing excitability
How do opiates do disinhibition
Mu receptors will bind to GABA-releasing neurons and cause less GABA release in the VTA
- This leads to excess dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens, and is involved in reward,
euphoria, and positive reinforcement produced by opioids
What is metahdone
Synthetic opioid useful in treating heroin abuse
Buprenorphine
Synthetic opioid used in treatment of heroin abuse
, What is fentanyl?
A synthetic opioid agonist at the mu opiod receptor
- up to 100 times mor epotent than morphin
What is carfentanil
Analogue of fentanyl that is 100 times more potent than fentanyl and 10000 times more potent
than morphine
- Mu opioid receptor agonist
Narcotic analgesics
Drugs that can be used to reduce the feeling of pain
What are the 4 hallucinogen classifications?
1. Acetylcholine similar
2. Indolamine similar to serotonin
3. Phenethylamine similar to norepinephrin
4. Chemically different
What are acetylcholine hallucinogens?
The ones that are similar to acetylcholine
- Atropine
- Scopolamine
They are Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists
What are anticholinergic hallucinogens?
