,Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness
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Multiple Choice
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Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. Which statement regarding the sodium–potassium pump is correct?
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1. The cell’s plasma membrane is more soluble to sodium ions than potassium ions.
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
2. The concentration of sodium ions should be higher inside the cell compartment.
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
3. The concentration of potassium ions should be higher outside
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
the cell compartment.
bbb bbb bbb
4. The active transport involves pumping out three sodium ions and pumping in two
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
potassium ions. bbb
2. In the absence of oxygen, which cellular function creates the same amount of energy as
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
is created in the presence of oxygen?
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
1. Dissipation of pyruvic acid bbb bbb bbb
2. Initiation of the citric acid cycle bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
3. Activation of acetyl-coenzyme A bbb bbb bbb
4. Creation of acidosis via lactic acid bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
3. How many adenosine triphosphates (ATPs) are produced in aerobic energy metabolism?
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
1. 2 b b b b b b
2. 3 b b b b b b
3. 34 b b b b b b
4. 53 b b b b b b
4. Which cell organelles differ in their number according to the cell’s energy needs?
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
1. Ribosomes
2. Mitochondria
3. Ribonucleic acids bbb
4. Deoxyribonucleic acids bbb
5. Which option best supports the reason more energy is produced when a person is
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
bbb exercising?
1. Exercise causes an increase in the synthesis of protein.
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2. There is an increase in the production of pyruvic acid in the cells.
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
3. The conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid is increased by exercise.
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
4. Muscle cells have more mitochondria to meet energy demands.
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
6. When does ribosomal protein synthesis cease?
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1. During endoplasmic reticulum stress bbb bbb bbb
2. During the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
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3. During a severe hypoxic state bbb bbb bbb bbb
4. During the processing of prohormone bbb bbb bbb bbb
7. Which cellular organelles are responsible for propelling mucus and inhaled debris out of the
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
bbb lungs?
1. Cilia
2. Microfilaments
Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
, 3. Secretory vesicles bbb
4. Endoplasmic reticula bbb
8. bb b bb b Which are the key proteins in the contractile units of the muscle cells?
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
1. Actin and myosin bbb bbb
2. Prohormone and tubulin bbb bbb
3. Tubulin and actin bbb bbb
4. Myosin and prohormone bbb bbb
9. bbb bbb Which deficiency causes Tay–Sachs disease?
bbb bbb bbb bbb
1. Proteasome
2. Peroxisome
3. Macrophage
4. Lysosomal enzymes bbb
b b b 10. b Which is a characteristic of adrenoleukodystrophy?
b b bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
1. Accumulation of ganglioside bbb bbb
2. Cessation of ribosomal protein synthesis bbb bbb bbb bbb
3. Acceleration of cellular proteasome activity bbb bbb bbb bbb
4. Accumulation of long-chain fatty acids in the nervous system bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
b b b 11. b Which statement regarding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is correct?
b b bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
1. During ER stress, proteins are rapidly degraded.
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2. During ER stress, lipids cannot travel to their proper intracellular locations.
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
3. During ER stress, long-chain fatty acids accumulate in the nervous system.
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
4. During ER stress, nondegraded substances accumulate in the cells.
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
b b b 12. A client is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. At a cellular level, which
b b b bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
function is likely to be involved?
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
1. Inability of ribosomes to produce a specific type of protein
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
2. Incorrect processing of a protein by the Golgi apparatus
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
3. Stagnation of a previously dynamic action in microtubules bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
4. Obstruction of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
b b b 13. A newborn patient exhibits characteristics of severe physical deformities. Which
b b b bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
cellular component is examined to determine the cause and probability of the disease
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
being genetically transferred?
bbb bbb bbb
1. Transfer RNA bbb
2. Ribosomal RNA bbb
3. Double helix of DNA bbb bbb bbb
4. Mitochondrial DNA bbb
b b b 14. A hiker experiences muscle pain and acidosis while ascending a mountain
b b b bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
during a long, steep climb. Which is the reason for these manifestations?
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
1. Cellular hypoxia bbb
2. Autolysis
3. Heterolysis
4. Cellular edema bbb
Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
, b b b 15. b b b Which factor provides DNA the unique molecular ability to replicate?
b b b bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
1. The pairing of nitrogenous bases
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2. The presence of pyrimidine bases
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3. The presence of nucleotides
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4. The nitrogenous base and phosphate bond
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b b b 16. b b b b b b How many nitrogenous bases compose a single codon?
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1. b b b b b b 2
2. b b b b b b 3
3. b b b b b b 4
4. b b b b b b 5
b b b 17. b Which components form the structure of DNA?
b b bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
1. Nucleotides
2. Amino acids bbb
3. Fatty acids bbb
4. Phosphates
b b b 18. b b b Which factor is essential in order for protein synthesis to occur?
b b b bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
1. Free-standing ribosomes within the cell bbb bbb bbb bbb
2. Protein blueprint from the cell of the DNA
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3. Specific information from the nucleus of the cell
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
4. Transfer RNA to move the protein out of the cell
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b b b 19. Tetracycline antibiotic is prescribed for an adult client with chlamydia
b b b bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
infection. Which is the mechanism of action of the drug?
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1. It prevents the replication of bacteria.
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
2. It alters the configuration of bacterial cytoplasm.
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
3. It interferes with the function of bacterial ribosomes.
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
4. It inhibits the functions of bacterial mitochondria.
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
b b b 20. b b b b b bWhere does the conversion of a prohormone into a hormone take place?
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1. In bbb the ribosomes bbb
2. In bbb the Golgi apparatus
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3. In bbb the secretory granules
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4. In bbb the endoplasmic reticulum
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b b b 21. b Which is the cell’s “master mind”?
b b bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
1. Nucleus
2. Ribosome
3. Golgi apparatus bbb
4. Endoplasmic reticulum bbb
Multiple Response
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Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
b b b 22. b b b b b b Which statements regarding the microtubules are true? Select all that apply.
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
Multiple Choice
bbb
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
1. Which statement regarding the sodium–potassium pump is correct?
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
1. The cell’s plasma membrane is more soluble to sodium ions than potassium ions.
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
2. The concentration of sodium ions should be higher inside the cell compartment.
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
3. The concentration of potassium ions should be higher outside
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
the cell compartment.
bbb bbb bbb
4. The active transport involves pumping out three sodium ions and pumping in two
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
potassium ions. bbb
2. In the absence of oxygen, which cellular function creates the same amount of energy as
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
is created in the presence of oxygen?
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
1. Dissipation of pyruvic acid bbb bbb bbb
2. Initiation of the citric acid cycle bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
3. Activation of acetyl-coenzyme A bbb bbb bbb
4. Creation of acidosis via lactic acid bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
3. How many adenosine triphosphates (ATPs) are produced in aerobic energy metabolism?
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
1. 2 b b b b b b
2. 3 b b b b b b
3. 34 b b b b b b
4. 53 b b b b b b
4. Which cell organelles differ in their number according to the cell’s energy needs?
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
1. Ribosomes
2. Mitochondria
3. Ribonucleic acids bbb
4. Deoxyribonucleic acids bbb
5. Which option best supports the reason more energy is produced when a person is
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
bbb exercising?
1. Exercise causes an increase in the synthesis of protein.
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
2. There is an increase in the production of pyruvic acid in the cells.
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
3. The conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid is increased by exercise.
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
4. Muscle cells have more mitochondria to meet energy demands.
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
6. When does ribosomal protein synthesis cease?
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
1. During endoplasmic reticulum stress bbb bbb bbb
2. During the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
3. During a severe hypoxic state bbb bbb bbb bbb
4. During the processing of prohormone bbb bbb bbb bbb
7. Which cellular organelles are responsible for propelling mucus and inhaled debris out of the
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
bbb lungs?
1. Cilia
2. Microfilaments
Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
, 3. Secretory vesicles bbb
4. Endoplasmic reticula bbb
8. bb b bb b Which are the key proteins in the contractile units of the muscle cells?
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
1. Actin and myosin bbb bbb
2. Prohormone and tubulin bbb bbb
3. Tubulin and actin bbb bbb
4. Myosin and prohormone bbb bbb
9. bbb bbb Which deficiency causes Tay–Sachs disease?
bbb bbb bbb bbb
1. Proteasome
2. Peroxisome
3. Macrophage
4. Lysosomal enzymes bbb
b b b 10. b Which is a characteristic of adrenoleukodystrophy?
b b bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
1. Accumulation of ganglioside bbb bbb
2. Cessation of ribosomal protein synthesis bbb bbb bbb bbb
3. Acceleration of cellular proteasome activity bbb bbb bbb bbb
4. Accumulation of long-chain fatty acids in the nervous system bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
b b b 11. b Which statement regarding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is correct?
b b bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
1. During ER stress, proteins are rapidly degraded.
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
2. During ER stress, lipids cannot travel to their proper intracellular locations.
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
3. During ER stress, long-chain fatty acids accumulate in the nervous system.
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
4. During ER stress, nondegraded substances accumulate in the cells.
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
b b b 12. A client is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. At a cellular level, which
b b b bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
function is likely to be involved?
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
1. Inability of ribosomes to produce a specific type of protein
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
2. Incorrect processing of a protein by the Golgi apparatus
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
3. Stagnation of a previously dynamic action in microtubules bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
4. Obstruction of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
b b b 13. A newborn patient exhibits characteristics of severe physical deformities. Which
b b b bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
cellular component is examined to determine the cause and probability of the disease
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
being genetically transferred?
bbb bbb bbb
1. Transfer RNA bbb
2. Ribosomal RNA bbb
3. Double helix of DNA bbb bbb bbb
4. Mitochondrial DNA bbb
b b b 14. A hiker experiences muscle pain and acidosis while ascending a mountain
b b b bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
during a long, steep climb. Which is the reason for these manifestations?
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
1. Cellular hypoxia bbb
2. Autolysis
3. Heterolysis
4. Cellular edema bbb
Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
, b b b 15. b b b Which factor provides DNA the unique molecular ability to replicate?
b b b bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
1. The pairing of nitrogenous bases
bbb bbb bbb bbb
2. The presence of pyrimidine bases
bbb bbb bbb bbb
3. The presence of nucleotides
bbb bbb bbb
4. The nitrogenous base and phosphate bond
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
b b b 16. b b b b b b How many nitrogenous bases compose a single codon?
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
1. b b b b b b 2
2. b b b b b b 3
3. b b b b b b 4
4. b b b b b b 5
b b b 17. b Which components form the structure of DNA?
b b bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
1. Nucleotides
2. Amino acids bbb
3. Fatty acids bbb
4. Phosphates
b b b 18. b b b Which factor is essential in order for protein synthesis to occur?
b b b bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
1. Free-standing ribosomes within the cell bbb bbb bbb bbb
2. Protein blueprint from the cell of the DNA
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
3. Specific information from the nucleus of the cell
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
4. Transfer RNA to move the protein out of the cell
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
b b b 19. Tetracycline antibiotic is prescribed for an adult client with chlamydia
b b b bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
infection. Which is the mechanism of action of the drug?
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
1. It prevents the replication of bacteria.
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
2. It alters the configuration of bacterial cytoplasm.
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
3. It interferes with the function of bacterial ribosomes.
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
4. It inhibits the functions of bacterial mitochondria.
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
b b b 20. b b b b b bWhere does the conversion of a prohormone into a hormone take place?
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
1. In bbb the ribosomes bbb
2. In bbb the Golgi apparatus
bbb bbb
3. In bbb the secretory granules
bbb bbb
4. In bbb the endoplasmic reticulum
bbb bbb
b b b 21. b Which is the cell’s “master mind”?
b b bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
1. Nucleus
2. Ribosome
3. Golgi apparatus bbb
4. Endoplasmic reticulum bbb
Multiple Response
bbb
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
b b b 22. b b b b b b Which statements regarding the microtubules are true? Select all that apply.
bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb bbb
