ATI Pharmacology Study Guide 2020
With Complete Solutions
Nystatin - ANSWER-should be applied topically to the area affected with candidiasis,
usually four times daily. Adults and older children can swish the nystatin suspension
around in their mouth for a period of time and then swallow it. Since infants and very
young children cannot follow these directions, the medication should be applied orally
using a swab.
Prothrombin Time (PT) - ANSWER-used to monitor warfarin therapy
NPH insulin - ANSWER-peak: 4-14hrs
duration:
tobramycin - ANSWER-30 mins before and after for lab values
Meperidine (Demerol) - ANSWER-Tx: Moderate to severe pain
Contraindications: Hypotension (SBP <100), respiratory depression, respiratory distress
due to asthma/COPD, shock, bowel obstruction, patients who have taken MAOIs within
the past 2 weeks
Class: Opiod Analgesic
Cumulative Effects - ANSWER-- effect occurs with repeated doses of a medication are
given and the rate of administration exceeds the rate of metabolism or excretion. Due to
older adults decreased kidney function, meperidine can quickly reach a toxic level when
given over several days, which can cause seizures.
Dimenhydrinate - ANSWER-antihistamine
tx nausea
It is used to treat acute attacks of Meniere's disease and vertigo, as well as to reduce
nausea and vomiting from radiation sickness.
Digoxin toxicity - ANSWER-GI effects (anorexia, n/v, abdominal pain), CNS effects
(fatigue, weakness, diplopia, blurred vision, yellow-green or white halos around objects)
-Anorexia-
-Loop diuretics such as furosemide can cause hypokalemia, which greatly increases the
risk of digoxin toxicity.
Tx: is used to treat heart failure, usually along with other medications. It is also used to
treat certain types of irregular heartbeat (such as chronic atrial fibrillation).
Class:
Cyclobenzaprine - ANSWER-Muscle Relaxant
, Omeprazole - ANSWER-a proton pump inhibitor
- reduces gastric acid secretion and treats duodenal and gastric ulcers, prolonged
dyspepsia, gastrointestinal reflux disease, and erosive esophagitis.
Interventions: long term use increases risk of fracture
Ofloxacin Otic - ANSWER-Administration: Applying gentle pressure with a finger to the
tragus of the ear after administration will facilitate movement of the fluid down the ear
canal.
Clopidogrel - ANSWER--- is an antithrombotic and antiplatelet medication; therefore, it
poses a risk of serious bleeding. The nurse should monitor for signs of bleeding such as
black, tarry stools and report these findings to the provider.
Spironolactone - ANSWER-Restrict foods high in potassium
Repaglinide - ANSWER-HbA1c DM2
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) - ANSWER-Contraindications: Oxycodone
Vancomycin - ANSWER-Adverse effect: Hypotension
Rapid infusion of vancomycin can cause a phenomenon known as Red Man syndrome.
The nurse can minimize the risk of this from occurring by slowly infusing the medication
over a period of 60 min or longer.
Varicella Immunization - ANSWER-contraindications:
-pregnancy
-infection with HIV
-altered immune system
12-15 months of age
4-6 years of age
second dose can be any time 3 months or later
12 year visit for catch up
Zidovudine - ANSWER-Adverse effects: severe anemia
Epoetin - ANSWER-stimulates the RBC production
Phenylephrine - ANSWER-adverse effects: Increased Heart rate
Digoxin - ANSWER-Adverse effects: Blurred vision, nausea, dysrhythmias
Contraindication: Furosemide
With Complete Solutions
Nystatin - ANSWER-should be applied topically to the area affected with candidiasis,
usually four times daily. Adults and older children can swish the nystatin suspension
around in their mouth for a period of time and then swallow it. Since infants and very
young children cannot follow these directions, the medication should be applied orally
using a swab.
Prothrombin Time (PT) - ANSWER-used to monitor warfarin therapy
NPH insulin - ANSWER-peak: 4-14hrs
duration:
tobramycin - ANSWER-30 mins before and after for lab values
Meperidine (Demerol) - ANSWER-Tx: Moderate to severe pain
Contraindications: Hypotension (SBP <100), respiratory depression, respiratory distress
due to asthma/COPD, shock, bowel obstruction, patients who have taken MAOIs within
the past 2 weeks
Class: Opiod Analgesic
Cumulative Effects - ANSWER-- effect occurs with repeated doses of a medication are
given and the rate of administration exceeds the rate of metabolism or excretion. Due to
older adults decreased kidney function, meperidine can quickly reach a toxic level when
given over several days, which can cause seizures.
Dimenhydrinate - ANSWER-antihistamine
tx nausea
It is used to treat acute attacks of Meniere's disease and vertigo, as well as to reduce
nausea and vomiting from radiation sickness.
Digoxin toxicity - ANSWER-GI effects (anorexia, n/v, abdominal pain), CNS effects
(fatigue, weakness, diplopia, blurred vision, yellow-green or white halos around objects)
-Anorexia-
-Loop diuretics such as furosemide can cause hypokalemia, which greatly increases the
risk of digoxin toxicity.
Tx: is used to treat heart failure, usually along with other medications. It is also used to
treat certain types of irregular heartbeat (such as chronic atrial fibrillation).
Class:
Cyclobenzaprine - ANSWER-Muscle Relaxant
, Omeprazole - ANSWER-a proton pump inhibitor
- reduces gastric acid secretion and treats duodenal and gastric ulcers, prolonged
dyspepsia, gastrointestinal reflux disease, and erosive esophagitis.
Interventions: long term use increases risk of fracture
Ofloxacin Otic - ANSWER-Administration: Applying gentle pressure with a finger to the
tragus of the ear after administration will facilitate movement of the fluid down the ear
canal.
Clopidogrel - ANSWER--- is an antithrombotic and antiplatelet medication; therefore, it
poses a risk of serious bleeding. The nurse should monitor for signs of bleeding such as
black, tarry stools and report these findings to the provider.
Spironolactone - ANSWER-Restrict foods high in potassium
Repaglinide - ANSWER-HbA1c DM2
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) - ANSWER-Contraindications: Oxycodone
Vancomycin - ANSWER-Adverse effect: Hypotension
Rapid infusion of vancomycin can cause a phenomenon known as Red Man syndrome.
The nurse can minimize the risk of this from occurring by slowly infusing the medication
over a period of 60 min or longer.
Varicella Immunization - ANSWER-contraindications:
-pregnancy
-infection with HIV
-altered immune system
12-15 months of age
4-6 years of age
second dose can be any time 3 months or later
12 year visit for catch up
Zidovudine - ANSWER-Adverse effects: severe anemia
Epoetin - ANSWER-stimulates the RBC production
Phenylephrine - ANSWER-adverse effects: Increased Heart rate
Digoxin - ANSWER-Adverse effects: Blurred vision, nausea, dysrhythmias
Contraindication: Furosemide
