NU 272 – Exam 1 Study Guide Chamberlain University with correct answers
Sensory |perception |- |answers1.)conscious |process |of |selecting, |organizing, |and |interpreting |data |from |
senses |into |meaningful |info
2.)Perception |is |influenced |by |the |intensity, |size, |change, |representation |of |stimuli, |past |experiences, |
knowledge, |attitudes.
Stimulus |- |answers1.)agent |or |act |that |stimulates |a |nerve |receptor
Impulse |conduction |process |- |sensory |functioning
also |do |receptors |respond |to |many |stimuli |or |just |one? |- |answers1.)receptor |receives |stimuli, |
translates |it |to |impulse
2.)impulse |travels |along |nerve |pathway |directly |to |the |brain
*Most |receptors |are |specific-> |sensitive |to |only |one |type |of |stimulus |(visual, |auditory, |touch)
Perception; |
where |does |it |take |place
what |affects |perception |- |answers1.) |awareness |and |interpretation |of |stimuli
2.) |Perception |takes |place |in |the |brain, |
specialized |brain |cells |interpret |the |nature |and |the |quality |of |the |sensory |stimuli. |
3.)An |individual's |level |of |consciousness |(LOC) |affects |the |perception |of |a |stimuli.
CN |with |Both |sensory |and |motor |functions |- |answersTrigeminal
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Facial
Sensory |only |- |answersOlfactory
Optic
Auditory
Motor |only |- |answersOculomotor
Abducens
Accessory
Trochlear
,Hypoglossal
Adaptation |- |answerswhen |body |adapts |to |constant |sensory |stimuli |to |the |point |where |it |essentially |
goes |unnoticed
Sensory |overload |- |answersSensory |overload |is |excessive |stimuli |over |which |a |person |feels |little |
control; |the |brain |is |unable |to |meaningfully |respond |to |or |ignore |stimuli
Sensory |overload |- |Patients |at |risk |- |answers1)Change |in |environment |( |ICU |lot |going |on--> |delirium)
2)Patients |experiencing |pain/stress
3)Nervous |system |disturbances
Sensory |overload |- |nursing |interventions |- |answers1) |Provide |a |consistent, |predictable |pattern |of |
stimulation |to |help |the |patient |develop |a |sense |of |control |over |the |environment.
2)Offer |simple |explanations |before |procedures, |tests, |and |examinations.
3)Establish |a |schedule |with |the |patient |for |routine |care |such |as |eating, |bathing, |turning, |positioning, |
coughing, |and |exercising.
4)Speak |calmly |with |the |patient |and |move |slowly; |communicate |confidence.
5)Explore |with |the |patient |what |stimuli |are |most |distressing |and |develop |a |plan |to |reduce |or |
eliminate |them |(e.g., |incoming |phone |calls, |visitors); |earplugs |or |pain |medication |may |be |indicated. |
Noise-reducing |headphones |may |be |helpful.
6)Be |careful |not |to |cause |sensory |deprivation.
7)Identify |and, |wherever |possible, |eliminate |culturally |inappropriate |stimuli.
Sensory |Deprivation |- |answersinsufficient |quantity |or |quality |of |stimuli; |may |result |from |decreased |
sensory |input |or |monotonous, |unpatterned, |and |unmeaningful |input
Patient |factors |that |put |them |at |risk |for |sensory |deprivation |- |answers1)decreased/ |monotonous |
stimuli
2)impaired |ability |to |receive |stimuli
3)unable |to |process |stimuli
4)depression
Sensory |Deprivation |Nursing |intervention |- |answers-promote |cognitive |and |emotional |input
-increase |sensory |stimuli |from |all |sensory |modalities |
->patient |education:
-->self-stimulation, |i.e. |counting, |singing; |
-->visual, |tactile, |auditory
Normal |sensory |perception |- |answers· |Brain |must |be |alert |or |aroused
, · |Nerve |impulses |from |(ascending) |sensory |tracts |reach |RAS |
--> |allows |certain |impulses |to |reach |cerebral |cortex |to |be |perceived |
-->mediates |arousal/ |controls |behavior
-->extends |from |hypothalamus |to |medulla
1.) |stimuli |must |be |variable |or |irregular |to |evoke |a |response |bc |body |quickly |adapts |to |continuous |
stimuli
Conscious |States |- |answers1)Delirium
2)dementia
3)confusion
4)normal |consciousness
5)somnolence |
6)minimally |conscious |states |
7)locked-in |syndrome
Normal |sensory |perception |map |- |answersAscending |sensory |tracts-->RAS |(selectively |sends)--> |
cerebral |cortex |(perceive/interpret |sense)
Unconscious |States |- |answers1)asleep |
2)stupor |
3)coma
4)vegetative |state
These |conditions |must |be |met |in |order |to |experience |the |environment |- |answers1.) |A |stimulus |must |
be |present
2.) |A |receptor/sense |organ |receive |stimulus |& |convert |to |a |nerve |impulse
3.) |nerve |impulse |must |be |conducted |along |a |nervous |pathway |from |receptor/sense |organ |to |brain
4.)particular |area |in |brain |must |receive |& |translate |impulse |into |sensation
Risk |factors |for |alterations |to |sensory |perception |(nonmodifiable) |- |answers1. |Premature |birth
2. |Older |age
3. |Genetic |predisposition
Risk |factors |for |alterations |to |sensory |perception |(modifiable) |- |answers1. |Smoking->Affects |taste, |
smell, |and |vision
2. |UV |light |exposure-> |increase |risk |for |cataracts
Sensory |perception |- |answers1.)conscious |process |of |selecting, |organizing, |and |interpreting |data |from |
senses |into |meaningful |info
2.)Perception |is |influenced |by |the |intensity, |size, |change, |representation |of |stimuli, |past |experiences, |
knowledge, |attitudes.
Stimulus |- |answers1.)agent |or |act |that |stimulates |a |nerve |receptor
Impulse |conduction |process |- |sensory |functioning
also |do |receptors |respond |to |many |stimuli |or |just |one? |- |answers1.)receptor |receives |stimuli, |
translates |it |to |impulse
2.)impulse |travels |along |nerve |pathway |directly |to |the |brain
*Most |receptors |are |specific-> |sensitive |to |only |one |type |of |stimulus |(visual, |auditory, |touch)
Perception; |
where |does |it |take |place
what |affects |perception |- |answers1.) |awareness |and |interpretation |of |stimuli
2.) |Perception |takes |place |in |the |brain, |
specialized |brain |cells |interpret |the |nature |and |the |quality |of |the |sensory |stimuli. |
3.)An |individual's |level |of |consciousness |(LOC) |affects |the |perception |of |a |stimuli.
CN |with |Both |sensory |and |motor |functions |- |answersTrigeminal
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Facial
Sensory |only |- |answersOlfactory
Optic
Auditory
Motor |only |- |answersOculomotor
Abducens
Accessory
Trochlear
,Hypoglossal
Adaptation |- |answerswhen |body |adapts |to |constant |sensory |stimuli |to |the |point |where |it |essentially |
goes |unnoticed
Sensory |overload |- |answersSensory |overload |is |excessive |stimuli |over |which |a |person |feels |little |
control; |the |brain |is |unable |to |meaningfully |respond |to |or |ignore |stimuli
Sensory |overload |- |Patients |at |risk |- |answers1)Change |in |environment |( |ICU |lot |going |on--> |delirium)
2)Patients |experiencing |pain/stress
3)Nervous |system |disturbances
Sensory |overload |- |nursing |interventions |- |answers1) |Provide |a |consistent, |predictable |pattern |of |
stimulation |to |help |the |patient |develop |a |sense |of |control |over |the |environment.
2)Offer |simple |explanations |before |procedures, |tests, |and |examinations.
3)Establish |a |schedule |with |the |patient |for |routine |care |such |as |eating, |bathing, |turning, |positioning, |
coughing, |and |exercising.
4)Speak |calmly |with |the |patient |and |move |slowly; |communicate |confidence.
5)Explore |with |the |patient |what |stimuli |are |most |distressing |and |develop |a |plan |to |reduce |or |
eliminate |them |(e.g., |incoming |phone |calls, |visitors); |earplugs |or |pain |medication |may |be |indicated. |
Noise-reducing |headphones |may |be |helpful.
6)Be |careful |not |to |cause |sensory |deprivation.
7)Identify |and, |wherever |possible, |eliminate |culturally |inappropriate |stimuli.
Sensory |Deprivation |- |answersinsufficient |quantity |or |quality |of |stimuli; |may |result |from |decreased |
sensory |input |or |monotonous, |unpatterned, |and |unmeaningful |input
Patient |factors |that |put |them |at |risk |for |sensory |deprivation |- |answers1)decreased/ |monotonous |
stimuli
2)impaired |ability |to |receive |stimuli
3)unable |to |process |stimuli
4)depression
Sensory |Deprivation |Nursing |intervention |- |answers-promote |cognitive |and |emotional |input
-increase |sensory |stimuli |from |all |sensory |modalities |
->patient |education:
-->self-stimulation, |i.e. |counting, |singing; |
-->visual, |tactile, |auditory
Normal |sensory |perception |- |answers· |Brain |must |be |alert |or |aroused
, · |Nerve |impulses |from |(ascending) |sensory |tracts |reach |RAS |
--> |allows |certain |impulses |to |reach |cerebral |cortex |to |be |perceived |
-->mediates |arousal/ |controls |behavior
-->extends |from |hypothalamus |to |medulla
1.) |stimuli |must |be |variable |or |irregular |to |evoke |a |response |bc |body |quickly |adapts |to |continuous |
stimuli
Conscious |States |- |answers1)Delirium
2)dementia
3)confusion
4)normal |consciousness
5)somnolence |
6)minimally |conscious |states |
7)locked-in |syndrome
Normal |sensory |perception |map |- |answersAscending |sensory |tracts-->RAS |(selectively |sends)--> |
cerebral |cortex |(perceive/interpret |sense)
Unconscious |States |- |answers1)asleep |
2)stupor |
3)coma
4)vegetative |state
These |conditions |must |be |met |in |order |to |experience |the |environment |- |answers1.) |A |stimulus |must |
be |present
2.) |A |receptor/sense |organ |receive |stimulus |& |convert |to |a |nerve |impulse
3.) |nerve |impulse |must |be |conducted |along |a |nervous |pathway |from |receptor/sense |organ |to |brain
4.)particular |area |in |brain |must |receive |& |translate |impulse |into |sensation
Risk |factors |for |alterations |to |sensory |perception |(nonmodifiable) |- |answers1. |Premature |birth
2. |Older |age
3. |Genetic |predisposition
Risk |factors |for |alterations |to |sensory |perception |(modifiable) |- |answers1. |Smoking->Affects |taste, |
smell, |and |vision
2. |UV |light |exposure-> |increase |risk |for |cataracts
