FINAL EXAM pbsi 235 (units 1-4)
questions well answered
_____ is the process by which new information is acquired for storage - correct answer
✔✔learning
properties of learning:
- it is _____ by experience
- it selects the _____ that enters into memory
- learning _____ experience, seperating out _____ stimuli for _____ - correct answer
✔✔Initiated, information, filters, relevant, retention
_____ is information extracted from experience and stored for later recovery/use - correct
answer ✔✔memory
properties of memory:
- it _____ after the remembered experience _____
- it can enter a _____ state before being _____ by a retrieval process
- the content of memory _____ the experience that _____ it - correct answer ✔✔persists, ends,
latent, reactivated, reflects, created
ebbinghaus tested his own _____ of a series of nonsense syllables and documented the _____
_____ - correct answer ✔✔retention, forgetting curve
most forgetting occurs _____ _____ and then continues at a _____ _____ over a longer period
of time - correct answer ✔✔right away, slower rate
,in principles of psychology, _____ _____ proposed a _____-_____ process of memory in which
multiple independent traces are initiated simultaneously and last for a _____ period of time -
correct answer ✔✔william james, multi-stage, different
short-term memory is in the _____ state and has _____ _____ and is _____ to disruption -
correct answer ✔✔active, rapid decay, vulnerable
long-term memory is in the _____ state and has _____ _____ and is _____ vulnerable to
disruption - correct answer ✔✔inactive, slow decay, less
_____ is the process by which a _____-_____ memory stabilizes for storage over an extended
period of time - correct answer ✔✔consolidation, long-term
- it begins with the _____ learning experience
- occurs in _____ with _____-_____ memory
- is why _____-_____ endures in an inactive state - correct answer ✔✔original, parallel, short-
term, long-term
human memory can be divided into _____ and _____-_____ - correct answer ✔✔declarative,
non-declarative
declarative includes your ______ _____ of previous experience - correct answer ✔✔conscious
recollection
_____ memory: what happened to you where and when, a type of declarative memory - correct
answer ✔✔episodic
_____-_____ : includes learned motor skills - correct answer ✔✔non-declarative
,_____ memory: so-called muscle memory, type of non-declarative - correct answer
✔✔procedural
declarative memory is _____: you can describe the contents of _____ using ______ - correct
answer ✔✔explicit, memory, language
non-declarative memory is _____: it is difficult to describe the contents using _____ - correct
answer ✔✔implicit, language
_____ is a strong memory impairment - correct answer ✔✔amnesia
_____ amnesia is a loss of previously acquired memories - correct answer ✔✔retrograde
_____ amnesia is an inability to form new memories - correct answer ✔✔anterograde
a blow to the head can cause shallow _____ amnesia: memory of event itself is lost, as well as a
brief period leading up to it - correct answer ✔✔retrograde
early stages of dementia are often categorized by _____ amnesia followed by _____ amnesia
that roughly follows Ribot's law - correct answer ✔✔anterograde, retrograde
ribot's law: _____ memories are less resistant to _____ than _____ ones - correct answer
✔✔newer, disruption, older
_____ ____: most studied amnesia patient in medical history, experienced seizures and had
surgery of the _____ _____ _____ and _____
- epilepsy cured but left with memory impairments - correct answer ✔✔patient HM, medial
temporal lobe, hippocampus
, brenda milner performed assessments of HM, found that:
- shallow _____ amnesia with intact long-term episodic memory
- profound _____ amnesia: following surgery he couldn't form long-term episodic memories -
correct answer ✔✔retrograde, anterograde
HM's problems explained by a _____ deficit - correct answer ✔✔consolidation
role of hippocampus in episodic memory is _____, once memory consolidated, hippocampus
has no rule - correct answer ✔✔temporary
hippocampus thought to do this by recreating patterns of brain activity that occurred during
experience called _____ - correct answer ✔✔replay
activation of hippocampal neurons during replay is thought to drive activity of _____ neurons,
gradually strengthening the _____ between them to _____ a memory - correct answer
✔✔cortical, connections, consolidate
bechara & colleagues demonstrated the conscious recollection of a _____ event and the _____
associations between stimuli encountering during that event are processed _____ in the brain -
correct answer ✔✔scary, aversive, separately
damage to hippocampus prevents formation of an _____ and damage to the _____ prevents
formation of an aversive association - correct answer ✔✔episode, amygdala
HM's ______ memory was completely _____ - correct answer ✔✔procedural, intact
hippocampus does not play a role in _____ memory - correct answer ✔✔procedural
questions well answered
_____ is the process by which new information is acquired for storage - correct answer
✔✔learning
properties of learning:
- it is _____ by experience
- it selects the _____ that enters into memory
- learning _____ experience, seperating out _____ stimuli for _____ - correct answer
✔✔Initiated, information, filters, relevant, retention
_____ is information extracted from experience and stored for later recovery/use - correct
answer ✔✔memory
properties of memory:
- it _____ after the remembered experience _____
- it can enter a _____ state before being _____ by a retrieval process
- the content of memory _____ the experience that _____ it - correct answer ✔✔persists, ends,
latent, reactivated, reflects, created
ebbinghaus tested his own _____ of a series of nonsense syllables and documented the _____
_____ - correct answer ✔✔retention, forgetting curve
most forgetting occurs _____ _____ and then continues at a _____ _____ over a longer period
of time - correct answer ✔✔right away, slower rate
,in principles of psychology, _____ _____ proposed a _____-_____ process of memory in which
multiple independent traces are initiated simultaneously and last for a _____ period of time -
correct answer ✔✔william james, multi-stage, different
short-term memory is in the _____ state and has _____ _____ and is _____ to disruption -
correct answer ✔✔active, rapid decay, vulnerable
long-term memory is in the _____ state and has _____ _____ and is _____ vulnerable to
disruption - correct answer ✔✔inactive, slow decay, less
_____ is the process by which a _____-_____ memory stabilizes for storage over an extended
period of time - correct answer ✔✔consolidation, long-term
- it begins with the _____ learning experience
- occurs in _____ with _____-_____ memory
- is why _____-_____ endures in an inactive state - correct answer ✔✔original, parallel, short-
term, long-term
human memory can be divided into _____ and _____-_____ - correct answer ✔✔declarative,
non-declarative
declarative includes your ______ _____ of previous experience - correct answer ✔✔conscious
recollection
_____ memory: what happened to you where and when, a type of declarative memory - correct
answer ✔✔episodic
_____-_____ : includes learned motor skills - correct answer ✔✔non-declarative
,_____ memory: so-called muscle memory, type of non-declarative - correct answer
✔✔procedural
declarative memory is _____: you can describe the contents of _____ using ______ - correct
answer ✔✔explicit, memory, language
non-declarative memory is _____: it is difficult to describe the contents using _____ - correct
answer ✔✔implicit, language
_____ is a strong memory impairment - correct answer ✔✔amnesia
_____ amnesia is a loss of previously acquired memories - correct answer ✔✔retrograde
_____ amnesia is an inability to form new memories - correct answer ✔✔anterograde
a blow to the head can cause shallow _____ amnesia: memory of event itself is lost, as well as a
brief period leading up to it - correct answer ✔✔retrograde
early stages of dementia are often categorized by _____ amnesia followed by _____ amnesia
that roughly follows Ribot's law - correct answer ✔✔anterograde, retrograde
ribot's law: _____ memories are less resistant to _____ than _____ ones - correct answer
✔✔newer, disruption, older
_____ ____: most studied amnesia patient in medical history, experienced seizures and had
surgery of the _____ _____ _____ and _____
- epilepsy cured but left with memory impairments - correct answer ✔✔patient HM, medial
temporal lobe, hippocampus
, brenda milner performed assessments of HM, found that:
- shallow _____ amnesia with intact long-term episodic memory
- profound _____ amnesia: following surgery he couldn't form long-term episodic memories -
correct answer ✔✔retrograde, anterograde
HM's problems explained by a _____ deficit - correct answer ✔✔consolidation
role of hippocampus in episodic memory is _____, once memory consolidated, hippocampus
has no rule - correct answer ✔✔temporary
hippocampus thought to do this by recreating patterns of brain activity that occurred during
experience called _____ - correct answer ✔✔replay
activation of hippocampal neurons during replay is thought to drive activity of _____ neurons,
gradually strengthening the _____ between them to _____ a memory - correct answer
✔✔cortical, connections, consolidate
bechara & colleagues demonstrated the conscious recollection of a _____ event and the _____
associations between stimuli encountering during that event are processed _____ in the brain -
correct answer ✔✔scary, aversive, separately
damage to hippocampus prevents formation of an _____ and damage to the _____ prevents
formation of an aversive association - correct answer ✔✔episode, amygdala
HM's ______ memory was completely _____ - correct answer ✔✔procedural, intact
hippocampus does not play a role in _____ memory - correct answer ✔✔procedural
