Cell biology complete Question and Answers final exam 2024

Cell biology complete Question and Answers final exam 2024 GDI guanosine dissociation inhibitors prevent release of GDP Ras H, k, n - relay RTK signal Rheb -mtor cell growth Rep1- camp GEF - cell adhesion Rho Rho, rac, cdc42- relay surface signals to cytoskeleton Arf arf 1-6 Regulate assembly of protein coats on intracellular vesicles Rab Rab1-6 Regulate intracellular vesicle traffic Ran Ran Regulate mitotic spindle assembly and nuclear transport of RNA and protein G proteins Subunits localize to cytosolic side of plasma membrane by lipid anchors Alpha subunit acts as GTPase Capable of binding guanine nucleosides G protein family I Gs, Golf Activates adenylyl cyclase, Ca2+ channels G protein family II Gi, Go, Gt Inhibits adenylyl cyclase, K+ channels G family III Ga Activates phospholipase C-B G family IV G 12/13 Activates Rho to regulate actin cytoskeleton Transmembrane receptors Gated ion channel G-protein coupled receptors Enzyme coupled receptors G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) Ligand mediated GEF Serpentine pattern Gated ion channels Opens when ligand binds Acetylcholine receptor RTK Insulin is ligand Receptor tyrosine kinase Enzyme mediated coupled receptors Kinase built in (RTK) or not built in Arrestin Inhibitory protein for GPCRs Stops signal by binding phosphates Dimerization of RTK Increases activity and creates high affinity binding sites SH2 domains Recognizes phosphotyrosines and binds Allows phosphorylation SH3 Binds to proline rich Ras pathway Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK Mek enters Nucleus and becomes erk Adenylyl cyclase Converts ATP to cyclic AMP in response to an extracellular signal. 2nd messengers Intracellular signals Small noncatalytic Created by enzymatic reaction Rapidly destroyed or sequestered Amplify original signal Hydrophobic second messengers Intermembrane space where they regulate membrane associated effec