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Samenvatting conserveren VM2413

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Deze samenvatting is perfect om erbij te houden met het open boek tentamen, het dictaat is kort samengevat om snel de goede antwoorden te vinden, ook staan paginanummers genoemd zodat je snel iets in het dictaat kan opzoeken als je meer info over dat onderwerp nodig hebt en het bevat voorbeeld opgaven met antwoorden,

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Conserveren

Conserverende functies:
1. Mechanische beschadiging, doorprikken,
2. Fysisch bederf: vochtopname en –afgifte, temperatuurschommelingen
3. Chemisch bederf
- Oxidatiereacties
4. Microbiologisch bederf
- Voorkomen (na)besmetting
- Remming groei
5. Enzymatisch bederf
6. Fysiologisch bederf: respiratie groente en fruit

Conserveringstechnieken:




Hordentechniek (H1 pag 8)

Fysische horden:
- Hittebehandelingen (sterilisatie, pasteurisatie, blancheren, thermiseren)
- Opslagtemperatuur (koelen, vriezen)
- Straling (UV, radiactief)
- Electromagnetische energie (microgolf, radiofrequent etc)
- Fotodynamische inactivering
- Utra hoge isostatische druk
- Utrasone techniek
- Verpakken (vacuum, actieve verpakkingen, eetbare coatings)
- Gasverpakken (MAP)
- CA-/ MA / lage druk bewaring
- Aseptisch verpakken

, Fysisch-chemische horden:
- Wateractiviteit Aw
- pH / Redoxpotentiaal
- Keukenzout
- Nitriet / nitraat
- CO2 / O2 / Ozon
- Organische zuren (azijnzuur, melkzuur, citroenzuur, sorbinezuur)
- Sulfiet, zwaveldioxide
- Roken
- Fosfaten, GDL Fenolen, sequestreerm., ethanol, propyleenglycol
- Maillard reactieproducten, kruiden en specerijen (Rosemarijn:A-O)
- Lactoperoxidase, lysozym, lactoferrine, nisine

Horden afgeleid van micro-organismen:
- Concurrerende flora
- Startercultures
- Bacteriocinen (Nisine:antimicrobiële polypeptiden > mzb; tegen uitgroei sporen)
- Antibiotica (Natamycine)
- Fagen

pH (H6 pag 187)

Lage pH <6:




Hoge pH >6,5:




PH en temperatuur:
• Bij lagere pH is er een afname van de hitteresistentie; zowel bij vegetatieve cellen als sporen
pH
Temp. °C 6,1 5,3 5 4,7 4,5
110 190 160 40 35 40
115 63 48 15 10 10,5
120 18 13 7 7 5
Uit G. Muller, grundlagen der lebensmittelmikrobiologie,1975, 164

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