Understanding Pathophysiology 7th edition by Huether, McCance Test Bank
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Chapter1.Cellular Biology mb
MULTIPLE CHOICE i
1. Astudentisobservingacell underthe microscope.It is observed to havesupercoiled DNA wit
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h hi stones.Whichof the following would alsobeobserved bythestudent?
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a. Asingle circularchromosome i
b. Anucleus
c. Free-floatingnuclear material i m
b
d. Noorganelles
ANS:B i
Thecelldescribed isa eukaryotic cell, so it hashistonesand a supercoiled DNAwithin its nucleus; thus
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,thenucleusshould be observed.
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A single circularchromosome ischaracteristicofprokaryoticcells, whichdo not havehistones. F
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ree-floatingnuclear materialdescribesaprokaryotic cell, which would not have a distinct nucleus.
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b
Eukaryoticcells have membranebounded cellularcomponentscalled organelles.No organellesdescr ibes
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aprokaryoticcell.
2. A nurseis instructingthe staffaboutcellular functions.Whichcellular function isthe nursedescr
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i bingwhen an isolated cellabsorbsoxygenand uses it to transform nutrientsto energy?
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a. Metabolic absorption i
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
,ANS:D i
Theabilityofthecell to absorb oxygenrefers tothe cells functionofrespiration. Theabilityofthe
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cell to functionwithina societyofcellsrefersto its functionofcommunication. Theabilityofthec
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ellto take in nutrients refersto thecells f unctionof metabolic absorption.
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Theabilityofthecellto synthesize newsubstancesandsecretetheseelsewhererefers tothecells functiono
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f secretion.
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3. Aeukaryoticcell is undergoingDNAreplication.In whichregionofthecell would most ofthe
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gen eticinformationbecontained?
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a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus
ANS:C i
Theregionofthecell thatcontainsgenetic material, includinga largeamountofribonucleicacid, most ofth
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eDNA,and DNA-bindingproteins, isthe nucleolus.
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Themitochondria isthe siteofcellularrespiration. im b i i
Theribosomes are involved in manufacturingofproteinswithinthecell. Thenucleuscontain
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sthe nucleolus,and it isthe nucleolus thatcontains genetic material.
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4. Thefluid mosaic model forbiologic membranesdescribes membranebehavior.Accordingto th
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is model,whichof the following float singlyoras aggregates inthe fluid lipid bilayer?
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a. Peripheral membrane proteins im b i
b. Integral membrane proteins imb i
, c. Glycoproteins
d. Celladhesion moleculesi im b
ANS:B i
Integral membraneproteins float freelyinthe fluid lipidbilayer.
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b m
b
Peripheral membraneproteinsare notembedded in the layer,butresideatthesurface. Glycoproteinsa ct as
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cellsurface markers.
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b
Celladhesion moleculesare ontheoutsideof the membraneandallowcells to hook together.
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5. Whichofthe followingcanbind to plasma membranereceptors?
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a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic lipids mb
d. Ligands
ANS:D i
Ligandsarespecific moleculesthatcanbindwithreceptorsonthecell membrane.Oxygen mo vesb
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ydiffusion; it does not bind to receptors.
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Ribosomesmake proteins and are not involved inbinding. A i i i imb imb m
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m phipathic lipidsareaportionofthecell membrane.
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b i i imb
6. Anurseis reviewinga report fromapatientwith metastaticcancer.Whatfindingwouldsuppo
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rtthediagnosisofmetastatic cancer? Alterations inextracellular matrixthat include:
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a. Decreasedfibronectin i
b. Increasedcollagen
c. Decreasedelastin i
, d. Increasedglycoproteins
ANS:A i
Reduced amounts of fibronectinare found insometypesofcancerouscells,allowingcancercellsto tr avel,o
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rmetastasize.
Collagenprovidesstrength,and itsbreakdown isassociatedwithosteoarthritis,notcancer. Ela
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stin is found in the lungsand allowstissues tostretch; it is notassociated withcancerouscells.
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b imb m
b i i m
b m
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Decreased,notincreased, glycoproteinsareassociated withcancerouscells. mb imb i
7. Whichformofcellcommunication is usedtorelatetoothercells indirectphysicalcontact?
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a. Celljunction i
b. Gapjunction
c. Desmosomes
d. Tight junctions i
ANS:A i
Celljunctions hold cellstogether and permit molecules topass fromcell to cell. Gap junctionsallowcom
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munication from the insideofonecellto the insideofanother. Desmosomes a renot involved incommuni
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cation, butallowcells to hold together.
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Tightjunctionsarebarriersthatprevent movementofsome substancesand leakagesofothers.
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8. Pancreaticbeta cells secrete insulin,which inhibitssecretionofglucagon from neighboringalph
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acells.This action is an example of whichof the followingsignalingtypes?
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a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
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Chapter1.Cellular Biology mb
MULTIPLE CHOICE i
1. Astudentisobservingacell underthe microscope.It is observed to havesupercoiled DNA wit
i i i imb imb imb i mb imb imb imb
h hi stones.Whichof the following would alsobeobserved bythestudent?
imb mb i imb imb imb mb mb
a. Asingle circularchromosome i
b. Anucleus
c. Free-floatingnuclear material i m
b
d. Noorganelles
ANS:B i
Thecelldescribed isa eukaryotic cell, so it hashistonesand a supercoiled DNAwithin its nucleus; thus
i imb i i i i mb imb i i i mb imb imb mb
,thenucleusshould be observed.
i mb i
A single circularchromosome ischaracteristicofprokaryoticcells, whichdo not havehistones. F
i mb mb i i mb mb imb mb
ree-floatingnuclear materialdescribesaprokaryotic cell, which would not have a distinct nucleus.
i mb i mb imb imb imb i i m
b
Eukaryoticcells have membranebounded cellularcomponentscalled organelles.No organellesdescr ibes
imb imb i i i mb
aprokaryoticcell.
2. A nurseis instructingthe staffaboutcellular functions.Whichcellular function isthe nursedescr
i imb i mb i i mb imb mb
i bingwhen an isolated cellabsorbsoxygenand uses it to transform nutrientsto energy?
mb i i mb imb i i mb mb i mb imb imb
a. Metabolic absorption i
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
,ANS:D i
Theabilityofthecell to absorb oxygenrefers tothe cells functionofrespiration. Theabilityofthe
i imb i i i imb mb imb i mb i
cell to functionwithina societyofcellsrefersto its functionofcommunication. Theabilityofthec
imb imb i i i i imb imb i i mb i
ellto take in nutrients refersto thecells f unctionof metabolic absorption.
imb imb i mb mb imb mb i imb i
Theabilityofthecellto synthesize newsubstancesandsecretetheseelsewhererefers tothecells functiono
i i mb mb imb imb i
f secretion.
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3. Aeukaryoticcell is undergoingDNAreplication.In whichregionofthecell would most ofthe
i imb i mb i imb i i i imb imb i i mb
gen eticinformationbecontained?
mb i
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus
ANS:C i
Theregionofthecell thatcontainsgenetic material, includinga largeamountofribonucleicacid, most ofth
i i imb imb mb i mb i i mb mb i
eDNA,and DNA-bindingproteins, isthe nucleolus.
imb i mb mb
Themitochondria isthe siteofcellularrespiration. im b i i
Theribosomes are involved in manufacturingofproteinswithinthecell. Thenucleuscontain
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sthe nucleolus,and it isthe nucleolus thatcontains genetic material.
mb imb imb mb imb i imb mb
4. Thefluid mosaic model forbiologic membranesdescribes membranebehavior.Accordingto th
imb mb imb imb mb i mb
is model,whichof the following float singlyoras aggregates inthe fluid lipid bilayer?
im b i i imb imb imb mb imb mb mb i
a. Peripheral membrane proteins im b i
b. Integral membrane proteins imb i
, c. Glycoproteins
d. Celladhesion moleculesi im b
ANS:B i
Integral membraneproteins float freelyinthe fluid lipidbilayer.
i mb imb imb i m
b m
b
Peripheral membraneproteinsare notembedded in the layer,butresideatthesurface. Glycoproteinsa ct as
imb i imb i mb imb mb mb mb i
cellsurface markers.
i m
b
Celladhesion moleculesare ontheoutsideof the membraneandallowcells to hook together.
i imb i i i im b mb mb im b i
5. Whichofthe followingcanbind to plasma membranereceptors?
i i mb i i mb i mb
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic lipids mb
d. Ligands
ANS:D i
Ligandsarespecific moleculesthatcanbindwithreceptorsonthecell membrane.Oxygen mo vesb
mb i i i i imb imb mb
ydiffusion; it does not bind to receptors.
mb i mb i mb i
Ribosomesmake proteins and are not involved inbinding. A i i i imb imb m
b i mb
m phipathic lipidsareaportionofthecell membrane.
mb m
b i i imb
6. Anurseis reviewinga report fromapatientwith metastaticcancer.Whatfindingwouldsuppo
i i i i m
b i imb i
rtthediagnosisofmetastatic cancer? Alterations inextracellular matrixthat include:
i i mb im b i mb i im b
a. Decreasedfibronectin i
b. Increasedcollagen
c. Decreasedelastin i
, d. Increasedglycoproteins
ANS:A i
Reduced amounts of fibronectinare found insometypesofcancerouscells,allowingcancercellsto tr avel,o
i i imb i mb imb i i i i i i mb mb
rmetastasize.
Collagenprovidesstrength,and itsbreakdown isassociatedwithosteoarthritis,notcancer. Ela
i m
b imb i i mb
stin is found in the lungsand allowstissues tostretch; it is notassociated withcancerouscells.
i mb imb m
b imb m
b i i m
b m
b i mb imb i i i mb
Decreased,notincreased, glycoproteinsareassociated withcancerouscells. mb imb i
7. Whichformofcellcommunication is usedtorelatetoothercells indirectphysicalcontact?
i i i i im b mb i mb i i i
a. Celljunction i
b. Gapjunction
c. Desmosomes
d. Tight junctions i
ANS:A i
Celljunctions hold cellstogether and permit molecules topass fromcell to cell. Gap junctionsallowcom
i mb i i imb imb mb i imb i mb i
munication from the insideofonecellto the insideofanother. Desmosomes a renot involved incommuni
imb imb imb i i mb mb i mb mb mb i imb i
cation, butallowcells to hold together.
mb i mb imb imb
Tightjunctionsarebarriersthatprevent movementofsome substancesand leakagesofothers.
i i im b im b m b i
8. Pancreaticbeta cells secrete insulin,which inhibitssecretionofglucagon from neighboringalph
i i mb imb i imb i i
acells.This action is an example of whichof the followingsignalingtypes?
mb i imb i imb i imb i i mb i i
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
