CAP Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Name the five responses to environmental change outlined in the famous fry paradigm. -
CORRECT ANSWER - Lethal factors, controlling factors, limiting factors, regulatory factors,
directing factors.
Define Lethal Factors - CORRECT ANSWER - Entities that irreversibly destroy integration
resulting in death
Define Controlling Factors - CORRECT ANSWER - Entities that influence molecular
activation, and set the rate or pace of metabolism and development
Define Limiting Factors - CORRECT ANSWER - Entities that interfere with delivery or
removal of metabolites thus limiting metabolic performance, locomotion and distribution
Define Regulatory Factors - CORRECT ANSWER - Entities that, when perturbed, must be
regulated through expenditure of metabolic energy diverted from other physiological processes
Define Directing Factors - CORRECT ANSWER - Entities that alter physiological profiles in
time resulting in attraction or avoidance reactions that guide the movements of an organism
Dr. Schmidt-Nielsen - CORRECT ANSWER - Pioneering works in the areas of water
balance, salt excretion, heat budgets and nitrogen balance.
George A. Bartholomew - CORRECT ANSWER - Instrumental in developing the animal-
environment experimental approach codified by Fry and was a cornerstone of the field ecological
physiology
,Per Scholander - CORRECT ANSWER - A man whose tremendous energy and enthusiasm
unlocked the secret of how Arctic mammals survive long dive times the secret of how Arctic
mammals survive long dive times
Temperature is the "_______________" - CORRECT ANSWER - Abiotic Master Factor
Law of Allometry - CORRECT ANSWER - size relationships affect metabolism, growth,
movement and just about everything else
Behavioral adaptations are an organisms _______ against environmental change - CORRECT
ANSWER - first line of defense
The Law of Emergent Properties - CORRECT ANSWER - as complexity increases from level
to level in the biological hierarchy properties emerge that could not be predicted from lower
organization levels
Neuroglia cells - CORRECT ANSWER - non-excitable nerve cells that carry out functions
specialized nerve cells cannot. Rare or absent in jellyfish, all five types are found in vertebrates.
Astrocytes - CORRECT ANSWER - Provide structural and metabolic support for neurons.
Schwann cells - CORRECT ANSWER - Form myelin sheaths around single PNS axons
Oligodendrocytes - CORRECT ANSWER - Found in the CNS, form myelin sheaths around
several axons
Microglia cells - CORRECT ANSWER - Carry out immunity duties within the cerebral spinal
fluid
Ependymal cells - CORRECT ANSWER - Line third ventricle of the brain & spinal canal;
produce cerebral-spinal fluid
, Basic Structure of Excitable Neurons - CORRECT ANSWER -
What are the two basic types of excitable neurons? - CORRECT ANSWER - Unmeyelinated
neurons and Meyelinated neurons
Where is the Myelinated neuron found? - CORRECT ANSWER - Central nervous system
Where is the Unmeyelinated neuron found? - CORRECT ANSWER - ??????
Electronic Conduction - CORRECT ANSWER - AP (action potential) signals are propagated
along entire axon
Salutatory Conduction - CORRECT ANSWER - AP (action potential) signal "jumps"
between nodes of Ranvier, skipping myelinated sections of the axon
What are the Four Major Neurotransmitter Classes? - CORRECT ANSWER - Monoamines,
Peptides, Amino Acids, and "Other"
Neurotransmitter substances - CORRECT ANSWER - chemical messengers that cross the
synaptic cleft to depolarize a postsynaptic neuron or effector target
Which Neurotransmitter class contains Dopamine, Noradrenaline Adrenaline,Histamine and
Serotonin? - CORRECT ANSWER - Monamines
Which Neurotransmitter class contains Opioids Endorphins, Somatostatin, Oxytocin, and
Vasopressin - CORRECT ANSWER - Peptides
Which Neurotransmitter class contains Glutamate Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA),
Glycine, Aspartate, and D-serine - CORRECT ANSWER - Amino Acids
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Name the five responses to environmental change outlined in the famous fry paradigm. -
CORRECT ANSWER - Lethal factors, controlling factors, limiting factors, regulatory factors,
directing factors.
Define Lethal Factors - CORRECT ANSWER - Entities that irreversibly destroy integration
resulting in death
Define Controlling Factors - CORRECT ANSWER - Entities that influence molecular
activation, and set the rate or pace of metabolism and development
Define Limiting Factors - CORRECT ANSWER - Entities that interfere with delivery or
removal of metabolites thus limiting metabolic performance, locomotion and distribution
Define Regulatory Factors - CORRECT ANSWER - Entities that, when perturbed, must be
regulated through expenditure of metabolic energy diverted from other physiological processes
Define Directing Factors - CORRECT ANSWER - Entities that alter physiological profiles in
time resulting in attraction or avoidance reactions that guide the movements of an organism
Dr. Schmidt-Nielsen - CORRECT ANSWER - Pioneering works in the areas of water
balance, salt excretion, heat budgets and nitrogen balance.
George A. Bartholomew - CORRECT ANSWER - Instrumental in developing the animal-
environment experimental approach codified by Fry and was a cornerstone of the field ecological
physiology
,Per Scholander - CORRECT ANSWER - A man whose tremendous energy and enthusiasm
unlocked the secret of how Arctic mammals survive long dive times the secret of how Arctic
mammals survive long dive times
Temperature is the "_______________" - CORRECT ANSWER - Abiotic Master Factor
Law of Allometry - CORRECT ANSWER - size relationships affect metabolism, growth,
movement and just about everything else
Behavioral adaptations are an organisms _______ against environmental change - CORRECT
ANSWER - first line of defense
The Law of Emergent Properties - CORRECT ANSWER - as complexity increases from level
to level in the biological hierarchy properties emerge that could not be predicted from lower
organization levels
Neuroglia cells - CORRECT ANSWER - non-excitable nerve cells that carry out functions
specialized nerve cells cannot. Rare or absent in jellyfish, all five types are found in vertebrates.
Astrocytes - CORRECT ANSWER - Provide structural and metabolic support for neurons.
Schwann cells - CORRECT ANSWER - Form myelin sheaths around single PNS axons
Oligodendrocytes - CORRECT ANSWER - Found in the CNS, form myelin sheaths around
several axons
Microglia cells - CORRECT ANSWER - Carry out immunity duties within the cerebral spinal
fluid
Ependymal cells - CORRECT ANSWER - Line third ventricle of the brain & spinal canal;
produce cerebral-spinal fluid
, Basic Structure of Excitable Neurons - CORRECT ANSWER -
What are the two basic types of excitable neurons? - CORRECT ANSWER - Unmeyelinated
neurons and Meyelinated neurons
Where is the Myelinated neuron found? - CORRECT ANSWER - Central nervous system
Where is the Unmeyelinated neuron found? - CORRECT ANSWER - ??????
Electronic Conduction - CORRECT ANSWER - AP (action potential) signals are propagated
along entire axon
Salutatory Conduction - CORRECT ANSWER - AP (action potential) signal "jumps"
between nodes of Ranvier, skipping myelinated sections of the axon
What are the Four Major Neurotransmitter Classes? - CORRECT ANSWER - Monoamines,
Peptides, Amino Acids, and "Other"
Neurotransmitter substances - CORRECT ANSWER - chemical messengers that cross the
synaptic cleft to depolarize a postsynaptic neuron or effector target
Which Neurotransmitter class contains Dopamine, Noradrenaline Adrenaline,Histamine and
Serotonin? - CORRECT ANSWER - Monamines
Which Neurotransmitter class contains Opioids Endorphins, Somatostatin, Oxytocin, and
Vasopressin - CORRECT ANSWER - Peptides
Which Neurotransmitter class contains Glutamate Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA),
Glycine, Aspartate, and D-serine - CORRECT ANSWER - Amino Acids
