CONTRACT LAW EXAM 2025
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
CONTRACT - ....ANSWER ...-AN AGREEMENT MADE BETWEEN
TWO OR MORE PEOPLE/PARTIES THAT CREATE A LEGAL
OBLIGATION
Offer - ....ANSWER ...-A legal promise to be bound without more if the
offerree agrees to the offer terms
Offeror - ....ANSWER ...-The party who makes the contractual offer
Offeree - ....ANSWER ...-The party who receives the contractual offer
Justice Blackburn: There must be intention on both sides to form a contract and if
it exist then the contract essentially is binding provided the other criterias are met -
....ANSWER ...-Smith v Hughes 1871
MR Lord Denning: Parties to negotiation by means of their conduct make it clear
that they do intend to be bound even if there are other terms to be agreed upon -
....ANSWER ...-Storer v Manchester City Council 1974
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 1
,Bi - Lateral Contract - ....ANSWER ...-An exchange for promise
Uni- Lateral Contract - ....ANSWER ...-A promise in exchange for an act
Which case ruled that an offer can be made to an individual person or the whole
world - ....ANSWER ...-Carlil v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co 1893
Invitation to Treat - ....ANSWER ...-Statements that stimulate interest and
are not capable of acceptance
What case ruled: A statement is an invitation to treat not capable of offer -
....ANSWER ...-Gibson v Manchester City Council (HOL)
Invitation to treat (Advertisement - birds) - ....ANSWER ...-Partridge v
Crittenden
Invitation to treat (Advertisement - medical) - ....ANSWER ...-Carlil v
Carbolic Smoke Ball Co
Lord Herschel - The seller must be protected where the demand for the product
could be greater than the supply - ....ANSWER ...-Grainger & Sons v Gough
a seller of goods must be free to give info about their goods and services without
finding themselves contractually bound - ....ANSWER ...-Harris v Nickerson
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 2
, Display of Goods (Pharmacy) - ....ANSWER ...-Pharmaceutical Society of
Great Britain v Boots Cash Chemists
Which cas ruled: A customer makes an offer to a cashier and acceptance is when
payment is taken - ....ANSWER ...-Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v
Boots Cash Chemists 1953
Display of Goods (Shop window) - ....ANSWER ...-Fisher v Bell
The display of an article in a shop window is an invitation to treat -
....ANSWER ...-Fisher v Bell
Offer is made by the bidder, acceptance by the auctioneer, The bidder may
withdraw at anytime before the hammer falls - ....ANSWER ...-Payne v
Cayne
A sale by an auction is complete when the auctioneer announces the auction
complete by the fall of the hammer or any other conventional manner , the bidder
or auctioneer can always change their mind before the completion. -
....ANSWER ...-Sales of Goods Act 1979 s 57(2)
Obiter Dicta - w/out reserve neither the vendor and/or the seller is allowed to bid
and there is a promise to sell to the highest bidder, regardless of whether the
intended price has been reached - ....ANSWER ...-Warlow v Harrison
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 3
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
CONTRACT - ....ANSWER ...-AN AGREEMENT MADE BETWEEN
TWO OR MORE PEOPLE/PARTIES THAT CREATE A LEGAL
OBLIGATION
Offer - ....ANSWER ...-A legal promise to be bound without more if the
offerree agrees to the offer terms
Offeror - ....ANSWER ...-The party who makes the contractual offer
Offeree - ....ANSWER ...-The party who receives the contractual offer
Justice Blackburn: There must be intention on both sides to form a contract and if
it exist then the contract essentially is binding provided the other criterias are met -
....ANSWER ...-Smith v Hughes 1871
MR Lord Denning: Parties to negotiation by means of their conduct make it clear
that they do intend to be bound even if there are other terms to be agreed upon -
....ANSWER ...-Storer v Manchester City Council 1974
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 1
,Bi - Lateral Contract - ....ANSWER ...-An exchange for promise
Uni- Lateral Contract - ....ANSWER ...-A promise in exchange for an act
Which case ruled that an offer can be made to an individual person or the whole
world - ....ANSWER ...-Carlil v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co 1893
Invitation to Treat - ....ANSWER ...-Statements that stimulate interest and
are not capable of acceptance
What case ruled: A statement is an invitation to treat not capable of offer -
....ANSWER ...-Gibson v Manchester City Council (HOL)
Invitation to treat (Advertisement - birds) - ....ANSWER ...-Partridge v
Crittenden
Invitation to treat (Advertisement - medical) - ....ANSWER ...-Carlil v
Carbolic Smoke Ball Co
Lord Herschel - The seller must be protected where the demand for the product
could be greater than the supply - ....ANSWER ...-Grainger & Sons v Gough
a seller of goods must be free to give info about their goods and services without
finding themselves contractually bound - ....ANSWER ...-Harris v Nickerson
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 2
, Display of Goods (Pharmacy) - ....ANSWER ...-Pharmaceutical Society of
Great Britain v Boots Cash Chemists
Which cas ruled: A customer makes an offer to a cashier and acceptance is when
payment is taken - ....ANSWER ...-Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v
Boots Cash Chemists 1953
Display of Goods (Shop window) - ....ANSWER ...-Fisher v Bell
The display of an article in a shop window is an invitation to treat -
....ANSWER ...-Fisher v Bell
Offer is made by the bidder, acceptance by the auctioneer, The bidder may
withdraw at anytime before the hammer falls - ....ANSWER ...-Payne v
Cayne
A sale by an auction is complete when the auctioneer announces the auction
complete by the fall of the hammer or any other conventional manner , the bidder
or auctioneer can always change their mind before the completion. -
....ANSWER ...-Sales of Goods Act 1979 s 57(2)
Obiter Dicta - w/out reserve neither the vendor and/or the seller is allowed to bid
and there is a promise to sell to the highest bidder, regardless of whether the
intended price has been reached - ....ANSWER ...-Warlow v Harrison
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 3
