BIO 172 UH Manoa Exam 2 Questions and Answers Already Passed
Animals - Answers Multicellular eukaryotes
Heterotrophs: Ingest their food
Lack Cell Walls
Body held together by structural proteins
Collagen - Answers Make up connective tissues (fibers)
Flexible and high tensile (stretching)
Skin - Answers Dense irregular arrangement of collagen
Ligament - Answers Collagen arranged in sheets
(Connects Bones)
Tendon - Answers Cable-like arrangement of collagen
(Connects muscle to bone)
Zygote - Answers Fertilized egg
(Sperm+Egg=Zygote)
Undergoes rapid cell division called cleavage
Germ Layers - Answers Give rise to tissues and organs of animal embryo
Blastula - Answers Cell that has undergone many cell cleavages
Hollow blastula undergoes gastrulation, forming gastrula (has layers of embryonic tissues)
Ectoderm - Answers Germ layer covering embryo surface
Endoderm - Answers Innermost germ layer and lines developing digestive tube (aka=Archenteron)
Diploblastic - Answers Animals that exhibit both ectoderm and endoderm in the embryo
(Corals, jellyfish)
Triploblastic - Answers Animals that have intervening Mesoderm layer (bilaterians)
Bilaterians - Answers All Multicellular animals other than sponges and cnidarians
Exhibit bilateral symmetry and cephalization
, Cephalization - Answers Organization of senses and locomotion toward head region
Larva - Answers Sexually immature and anatomically distinct from the adult, undergoes metamorphosis
Juvenile - Answers Resembles an adult, but not sexually mature
Cambrian explosion - Answers 535-525 million years ago, marks earliest fossil appearance of many
animal major groups
Hox Genes - Answers Control the development of body form (Hox Gene "__" can tell to form an arm)
Protosome - Answers Cell proliferation by spiral cleavage
Coelom forms within the middle tissue germ layer
Initial opening of gut becomes the mouth
Deuterostome - Answers Cell proliferation by radial cleavage
Coelom forms from outpocket of the middle tissue germ layer
Initial opening of gut becomes the anus
Coelom - Answers Body cavity surrounding the gut
Sessile - Answers Do not exhibit locomotion
(Sponges)
Collar Cells - Answers Flagella bearing cells that create water currents that move through the body of
the sponge
Spicules - Answers Tiny calcium/silica structures
Sponges (Phylum:Porifera) - Answers Hermaphrodites (release sperm into environment)
Jellyfish, Anemones, Corals
(Phylum: Cnidaria) - Answers Have radial symmetry
Possess two specialized cell layers (tissues) and nerve cells
Two Body Forms: Sessile polyp and free swimming medusa
Nematocysts - Answers Held under pressure (140 atmospheres) These are the microscopic venomous
spines on the tentacle
Lophotrochozoa - Answers Animals that share horse-shoe shaped feeding structure called a lophophore
and a Ciliated larva called trocophore
Animals - Answers Multicellular eukaryotes
Heterotrophs: Ingest their food
Lack Cell Walls
Body held together by structural proteins
Collagen - Answers Make up connective tissues (fibers)
Flexible and high tensile (stretching)
Skin - Answers Dense irregular arrangement of collagen
Ligament - Answers Collagen arranged in sheets
(Connects Bones)
Tendon - Answers Cable-like arrangement of collagen
(Connects muscle to bone)
Zygote - Answers Fertilized egg
(Sperm+Egg=Zygote)
Undergoes rapid cell division called cleavage
Germ Layers - Answers Give rise to tissues and organs of animal embryo
Blastula - Answers Cell that has undergone many cell cleavages
Hollow blastula undergoes gastrulation, forming gastrula (has layers of embryonic tissues)
Ectoderm - Answers Germ layer covering embryo surface
Endoderm - Answers Innermost germ layer and lines developing digestive tube (aka=Archenteron)
Diploblastic - Answers Animals that exhibit both ectoderm and endoderm in the embryo
(Corals, jellyfish)
Triploblastic - Answers Animals that have intervening Mesoderm layer (bilaterians)
Bilaterians - Answers All Multicellular animals other than sponges and cnidarians
Exhibit bilateral symmetry and cephalization
, Cephalization - Answers Organization of senses and locomotion toward head region
Larva - Answers Sexually immature and anatomically distinct from the adult, undergoes metamorphosis
Juvenile - Answers Resembles an adult, but not sexually mature
Cambrian explosion - Answers 535-525 million years ago, marks earliest fossil appearance of many
animal major groups
Hox Genes - Answers Control the development of body form (Hox Gene "__" can tell to form an arm)
Protosome - Answers Cell proliferation by spiral cleavage
Coelom forms within the middle tissue germ layer
Initial opening of gut becomes the mouth
Deuterostome - Answers Cell proliferation by radial cleavage
Coelom forms from outpocket of the middle tissue germ layer
Initial opening of gut becomes the anus
Coelom - Answers Body cavity surrounding the gut
Sessile - Answers Do not exhibit locomotion
(Sponges)
Collar Cells - Answers Flagella bearing cells that create water currents that move through the body of
the sponge
Spicules - Answers Tiny calcium/silica structures
Sponges (Phylum:Porifera) - Answers Hermaphrodites (release sperm into environment)
Jellyfish, Anemones, Corals
(Phylum: Cnidaria) - Answers Have radial symmetry
Possess two specialized cell layers (tissues) and nerve cells
Two Body Forms: Sessile polyp and free swimming medusa
Nematocysts - Answers Held under pressure (140 atmospheres) These are the microscopic venomous
spines on the tentacle
Lophotrochozoa - Answers Animals that share horse-shoe shaped feeding structure called a lophophore
and a Ciliated larva called trocophore
