NUR 452 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
community-based nursing - Answers - the focus is on illness care of individuals and
families, the management if acute and chronic illness in the community
Example: going to take care of one sick kid with asthma and educating their family
What is the client entry in community-based nursing?
Scope of practice? relationship balance? - Answers - -Client entry into HCDS:
Individual or family usually initiates the service
-Scope of practice: acute and chronic illnesses, episodic
-Relationship is typically provider driven, but can be mutual
Community-oriented nursing - Answers - The main focus is on the health of the
community or population. The goal is to preserve, protect or maintain health of entire
communities along with individuals, families groups and populations.
Example: School health- asthmatic child med admin, family for med refill, educate group
of asthmatic students, buses idling by playground (policy change to move)
What is the client entry in community-oriented nursing?
Scope of practice? relationship balance? - Answers - -Client entry into HCDS: typically
through outreach to the population
-Scope of practice: health promotion and disease prevention of populations, often long-
term relationships
-Relationship involves mutual participation (community as a partner)
What are the three core public health functions? - Answers - 1) Assessment
2) Policy development
3) Assurance
what is the core function of assessment's essential public health services? - Answers -
1) Monitor health status to identify community health problems
2) Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community
what is the core function of policy development's essential public health services? -
Answers - 3) Inform, educate and empower people about health issues
4) Mobilize community partnerships to identify and solve health problems
5) develop policies and plans that support individuals and community health efforts
what is the core function of policy assurance's essential public health services? -
Answers - 6) Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and assure safety
,7) Link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of
healthcare when otherwise unavailable
8) Assure a competent public health and personal healthcare workforce
9) Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility and quality of personal and population-based
health services
10) Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems
What are some of the nursing roles a community-oriented nurse would use in caring for
a community/population? - Answers - Counselor, assessor, community developer,
case finder, social engineer, case manager, policy developer, advocate, law enforcers,
leader, caregiver, change agent community care agent, educator
What are the three levels of public health practice - Answers - 1) Population based
individual-focused practice
2) Population based community-focused practice
3) Population based systems-focused practice
Population based individual-focused practice - Answers - -Changes knowledge,
attitudes, beliefs, practices and behaviors of individuals
-Alone, part of a family, class or group
-Individuals receive services because they are identified as belonging to a population at
risk
Population based community-focused practice - Answers - The goal is to improve
population health, aims to change community norms, community attitudes, community
awareness, community practices and community behaviors
Population based systems-focused practice - Answers - -Changes organizations,
policies, laws and power structures
-Often a more effective and long-lasting way to impact health than addressing
individuals
A school nurse is caring for asthma, what would this look like at all three levels of public
health practice? - Answers - Individual: child comes in with exacerbation, assessment,
med admin, call parent for med/refill, referrals for care, etc
Community: hold education for group of asthmatics on campus, make high pollution day
interventions (announcement to stay indoors if poss, etc)
Systems focused: buses idling by playground....make system change to move buses,
etc, increased absences for asthmatics ok, just passed law to have stock inhalers
,A school nurse is handling immunizations, what would this look like at all three levels of
public health practice? - Answers - Individual: the RN provides immunizations for
individuals and families, educates them
Community: the RN educates and markets the importance of HPV, vaccines to large
groups of people
Systems: the RN lobbies for laws and agency policies that require certain
immunizations by law
Surveillance - Answers - describes and monitors health events through ongoing and
systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of health data for the purpose of
planning, implementing and evaluating public health interventions
Ex: John is a public health nurse who works in a small rural community. Recently there
have been a number of cases of pertussis reported to the health department
Disease and other health event investigation - Answers - systematically gathers and
analyzes data regarding threats to the health of populations, ascertains the source of
the threat, identifies cases and others at risk, determines control measures.
Ex: John contacts the school nurse and asks about the number of children who have
missed school and why. He also contacts the local day care center for the same
information. He visits the local hospital and reviews the emergency room cases for the
last month
Outreach - Answers - locates populations of interest or populations at risk and
provides information about the nature of the concern, what can be done about it and
how services can be obtained
Ex: John agreed to visit families that the nurse had difficulty contacting or who didn't
have a phone
Screening - Answers - identifies individuals with unrecognized health risk factors or
asymptomatic disease conditions in populations
Case-finding - Answers - locates individuals and families with identified risk factors and
connects them with resources
Ex: during the meeting, it was decided to that people in the community really didn't know
about what pertussis is and the need to have children immunized. It seems that the
school continues to let children attend regardless of their immunization status. The
school nurse agreed to review all of the immunization records and contact the families
of children who do not have up to date immunizations
, Referral and follow-up - Answers - Assists individuals, families, groups, organizations
and/or communities to identify and access necessary in order to prevent or resolve
problems
Case management - Answers - optimizes self-care capabilities of individuals and
families and the capacity of systems and communities to coordinate and provide
services
Delegated functions - Answers - Direct care tasks a registered professional nurse
carries out under the authority of a health care practitioner as allowed by law. Delegated
functions also include any direct care tasks a registered professional nurse entrusts to
other appropriate personnel to perform.
Ex: The school health aide will be responsible for entering all of the immunization
information into the data base that the school has not been using
Health teaching - Answers - communicates facts, ideas and skills that change
knowledge, attitudes, values, beliefs, behaviors, and practices of individuals , familes
and communities
Ex: John will make arrangements to attend the next meeting of the district school nurses
and provide additional information about childhood vaccines and where immunizations
can be obtained throughout the county
Counseling - Answers - establishes an interpersonal relationship with a community, a
system family or individual intended to increase or enhance their capacity for self-care
and coping. Counseling engages the community on an emotional level
Consultation - Answers - seeks information and generates optional solutions to
perceived problems or issues through interactive problem solving with a community,
system, family or individual.
Ex: After obtaining the information, John meets with the Public Health Director and the
team of public health nurses to discuss the concerns regarding the incidence of
pertussis in the community. He invites the school nurse and the director of the day care
center to the meeting as well
Collaboration - Answers - commits two or more persons or organizations to achieve a
common goal through enhancing the capacity of one or more of the members to
promote and protect health
Coalition building - Answers - promotes and develops alliances among organizations
or constituencies for a common purpose. It builds linkages, solves problems and/or
enhances local leadership to address health concerns
community-based nursing - Answers - the focus is on illness care of individuals and
families, the management if acute and chronic illness in the community
Example: going to take care of one sick kid with asthma and educating their family
What is the client entry in community-based nursing?
Scope of practice? relationship balance? - Answers - -Client entry into HCDS:
Individual or family usually initiates the service
-Scope of practice: acute and chronic illnesses, episodic
-Relationship is typically provider driven, but can be mutual
Community-oriented nursing - Answers - The main focus is on the health of the
community or population. The goal is to preserve, protect or maintain health of entire
communities along with individuals, families groups and populations.
Example: School health- asthmatic child med admin, family for med refill, educate group
of asthmatic students, buses idling by playground (policy change to move)
What is the client entry in community-oriented nursing?
Scope of practice? relationship balance? - Answers - -Client entry into HCDS: typically
through outreach to the population
-Scope of practice: health promotion and disease prevention of populations, often long-
term relationships
-Relationship involves mutual participation (community as a partner)
What are the three core public health functions? - Answers - 1) Assessment
2) Policy development
3) Assurance
what is the core function of assessment's essential public health services? - Answers -
1) Monitor health status to identify community health problems
2) Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community
what is the core function of policy development's essential public health services? -
Answers - 3) Inform, educate and empower people about health issues
4) Mobilize community partnerships to identify and solve health problems
5) develop policies and plans that support individuals and community health efforts
what is the core function of policy assurance's essential public health services? -
Answers - 6) Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and assure safety
,7) Link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of
healthcare when otherwise unavailable
8) Assure a competent public health and personal healthcare workforce
9) Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility and quality of personal and population-based
health services
10) Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems
What are some of the nursing roles a community-oriented nurse would use in caring for
a community/population? - Answers - Counselor, assessor, community developer,
case finder, social engineer, case manager, policy developer, advocate, law enforcers,
leader, caregiver, change agent community care agent, educator
What are the three levels of public health practice - Answers - 1) Population based
individual-focused practice
2) Population based community-focused practice
3) Population based systems-focused practice
Population based individual-focused practice - Answers - -Changes knowledge,
attitudes, beliefs, practices and behaviors of individuals
-Alone, part of a family, class or group
-Individuals receive services because they are identified as belonging to a population at
risk
Population based community-focused practice - Answers - The goal is to improve
population health, aims to change community norms, community attitudes, community
awareness, community practices and community behaviors
Population based systems-focused practice - Answers - -Changes organizations,
policies, laws and power structures
-Often a more effective and long-lasting way to impact health than addressing
individuals
A school nurse is caring for asthma, what would this look like at all three levels of public
health practice? - Answers - Individual: child comes in with exacerbation, assessment,
med admin, call parent for med/refill, referrals for care, etc
Community: hold education for group of asthmatics on campus, make high pollution day
interventions (announcement to stay indoors if poss, etc)
Systems focused: buses idling by playground....make system change to move buses,
etc, increased absences for asthmatics ok, just passed law to have stock inhalers
,A school nurse is handling immunizations, what would this look like at all three levels of
public health practice? - Answers - Individual: the RN provides immunizations for
individuals and families, educates them
Community: the RN educates and markets the importance of HPV, vaccines to large
groups of people
Systems: the RN lobbies for laws and agency policies that require certain
immunizations by law
Surveillance - Answers - describes and monitors health events through ongoing and
systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of health data for the purpose of
planning, implementing and evaluating public health interventions
Ex: John is a public health nurse who works in a small rural community. Recently there
have been a number of cases of pertussis reported to the health department
Disease and other health event investigation - Answers - systematically gathers and
analyzes data regarding threats to the health of populations, ascertains the source of
the threat, identifies cases and others at risk, determines control measures.
Ex: John contacts the school nurse and asks about the number of children who have
missed school and why. He also contacts the local day care center for the same
information. He visits the local hospital and reviews the emergency room cases for the
last month
Outreach - Answers - locates populations of interest or populations at risk and
provides information about the nature of the concern, what can be done about it and
how services can be obtained
Ex: John agreed to visit families that the nurse had difficulty contacting or who didn't
have a phone
Screening - Answers - identifies individuals with unrecognized health risk factors or
asymptomatic disease conditions in populations
Case-finding - Answers - locates individuals and families with identified risk factors and
connects them with resources
Ex: during the meeting, it was decided to that people in the community really didn't know
about what pertussis is and the need to have children immunized. It seems that the
school continues to let children attend regardless of their immunization status. The
school nurse agreed to review all of the immunization records and contact the families
of children who do not have up to date immunizations
, Referral and follow-up - Answers - Assists individuals, families, groups, organizations
and/or communities to identify and access necessary in order to prevent or resolve
problems
Case management - Answers - optimizes self-care capabilities of individuals and
families and the capacity of systems and communities to coordinate and provide
services
Delegated functions - Answers - Direct care tasks a registered professional nurse
carries out under the authority of a health care practitioner as allowed by law. Delegated
functions also include any direct care tasks a registered professional nurse entrusts to
other appropriate personnel to perform.
Ex: The school health aide will be responsible for entering all of the immunization
information into the data base that the school has not been using
Health teaching - Answers - communicates facts, ideas and skills that change
knowledge, attitudes, values, beliefs, behaviors, and practices of individuals , familes
and communities
Ex: John will make arrangements to attend the next meeting of the district school nurses
and provide additional information about childhood vaccines and where immunizations
can be obtained throughout the county
Counseling - Answers - establishes an interpersonal relationship with a community, a
system family or individual intended to increase or enhance their capacity for self-care
and coping. Counseling engages the community on an emotional level
Consultation - Answers - seeks information and generates optional solutions to
perceived problems or issues through interactive problem solving with a community,
system, family or individual.
Ex: After obtaining the information, John meets with the Public Health Director and the
team of public health nurses to discuss the concerns regarding the incidence of
pertussis in the community. He invites the school nurse and the director of the day care
center to the meeting as well
Collaboration - Answers - commits two or more persons or organizations to achieve a
common goal through enhancing the capacity of one or more of the members to
promote and protect health
Coalition building - Answers - promotes and develops alliances among organizations
or constituencies for a common purpose. It builds linkages, solves problems and/or
enhances local leadership to address health concerns
