Examl 3:l NSGl 320/l NSG320l (NEWl 2025/l
2026l Update)l Adultl Healthl Nursingl Il
Completel Guide|l Questionsl &l Answers|l
Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl (Verifiedl
Solutions)-l GCU
QUESTION
irritablel bowell syndrome
Answer:
chronicl abdominall painl andl alteredl bowell patterns
CAUSE
unknown,l contributingl factors:
-psychologicall stressors:
>PTSD,l anxiety,l depression
-Gil infection
-adversel reactionl tol food
-dietaryl intolerancel (FODMAPS)
>fermented,l oligo,l di,l monol andl polyols
>oligosaccharide:l wheat,l rye,l fruitsl andl veggies,l nuts,l legumes
>disaccharidel lactose:l milk
>monosaccharidel fructose:l apple,l pears,l honey,l highl fructosel cornl syrup
>polysaccharides:l apple,l pears,l artificiall sweetener,l cauliflower,l mushrooms
DIAGNOSE
diagnosisl isl madel purelyl basedl offl ofl symptoms
1.l Romel IVl criteria
-abdominall pain/discomfortl 1l dayl al weekl forl 3l monthsl associatedl w:l defecation,l changel
ofl stooll forml orl frequency
2.l stooll pattern:l IBS-constipation,l IBS-diarrhea,l IBS-unsubtyped,l IBS-mixed
-otherl s/s:l distension,l bloating,l urgency,l flatulence,l nausea,l mucusl inl stool,l sensel
incompletel evacuation
TREATMENT
1.l psychologicall support:l CBTl andl stressl management
2.l dietl therapy:l dietl lowl inl FODMAPl (nol alcl andl caffeine)
3.l lifestylel modification:l physicall activityl tol decreasel bloatingl andl constipation
4.l meds:
-IBSl D:l eloxadoline,l alosetronl
,>alosetron:l canl causel severel constipationl andl ischemicl colitisl (reportl abdominall pain,l
rectall bleeding,l bloodyl stool,l constipation)
-IBSl C:l lubiprostone,l linaclotide
**alll IBSl patientsl canl benefitl froml anl antidepressantl andl antispasmodicl (decreasel GIl
motilityl andl smoothl musclel spasms->decreasel painl andl diarrhea)
QUESTION
inflammatoryl bowell disease
Answer:
chronicl inflammationl ofl thel GIl tractl wl periodsl ofl remissionl andl exacerbation
1.l Crohns:l anywherel onl GIl froml mouthl tol anus
2.l ulcerativel colitis:l inl thel colonl andl rectum
CAUSE
-nol knownl cause,l contributingl factors:l
>diet,l stress,l smoking
>increasedl risk:l refinedl sugar,l totall fat,l polyunsaturatedl fattyl acid,l omegal 6l fattyl acid.l
NSAIDS,l orall contraceptive,l antibiotics
>decreasel risk:l fruit,l veggies,l omegal 3l richl foodl andl fiber
SYMPTOMS
1.l crohns:
-diarrhea,l abdominall pain,l cramping,l weightl loss
2.l ulcerativel colitis:
-bloodyl diarrhea,l abdominall pain
-severe:l anemia,l rapidl weightl loss,l dehydration,l tachycardia
COMPICATIONS
-hemorrhage
-perforation
-c.l diff
-perianall fistulal andl abscessl
-strictures
-toxicl megacolon
DIAGNOSE
-historyl andl physical
-stooll tests:l showl infection
-stooll testl forl blood!!
-imagingl studies
-bloodl studies:l CBC:l ironl deficiencyl froml bloodl loss,l increasel WBCl showsl perforation,l
decreasel Na,l K,l Cl,l Mg
,QUESTION
inflammatoryl bowell diseasel treatment
Answer:
MANAGEMENTl GOALS
-restl thel bowel
-controll inflammation
-correctl malnutrition
-symptoml relief
-improvel qualityl ofl life
MANAGE
1.l Drugl Therapy:
-aminosalicylate:l decreasel inflammation
-antimicrobial:l prevent/treatl 2ndaryl infection
-corticosteroids:l decreasel inflammation
-immunomodulators:l suppressl immune
-biologicl therapy
2.l Surgicall Therapy:
-forl complications
3.l Nutritionl Therapy:
-preventl andl treatl malnourishment,l preventl weightl loss,l replacel fluidl andl electrolytes,l
maintainl nutritionl w/ol worseningl symptoms
-highl cal,l highl protein,l vitamins
ASSESSMENT
-infection,l autoimmunel disease
-increasel HR,l decreasel BP,l fever,l hyperactivel bowell sounds
ACUTEl CARE
-vitall signsl andl labs
-monitorl intakel andl output
-stools:l appearancel andl number
-IVl fluidsl andl electrolytes
-bowell sounds
-dailyl weights
-analgesicsl andl anti-inflammatoryl meds
-skinl care:l perianall care,l waterl andl moisturizer,l sitzl bath
AMBULATORYl CARE
educate
-rest:l bcl ofl malnourishmentl andl anemia,l bcl painl andl diarrheal mayl keepl theml upl atl
night
-diet
-symptomsl ofl recurrence
-medsl andl theirl SE
, -perianall care
-decreasel stress
-whenl tol calll provider
QUESTION
bowell obstruction
Answer:
whenl intestinall contentl cannotl passl throughl thel SIl orl LI
TYPES
1.l partial:l gasl andl fluidsl canl pass,l canl fixl byl increasingl fiber
2.l complete:l needl surgery
3.l simple:l stilll gettingl bloodl flow
4.l strangulated:l nol bloodl flowl tol area
CAUSES
1.l mechanicall obstruction:l surgicall adhesion,l crohns,l stricture,l cancer,l hernia,l ischemia
*mcl SI:l surgicall adhesion
*mcl LI:l diverticulitis,l malignantl obstruction
2.l nonl mechanical:l reducedl orl absentl peristalsis
-mcl isl al paralyticl ileus:l causedl byl abdominall surgery,l electrolytel imbalance,l peritonitis
SYMPTOMS
-abdominall pain
-distension
-n/v
-constipation
DIAGNOSIS
-historyl andl physical
-CT,l xl ray
-contrastl enema
-sigmoidoscopy,l colonoscopy
-CBCl andl bloodl chemistry
QUESTION
bowell obstructionl np
Answer:
ASSESSMENT
*canl bel lifel threateningl (concernl electrolytel andl fluidl imbalance)
-intakel andl output
-bowell functionl andl sounds:l abilityl tol passl gas
2026l Update)l Adultl Healthl Nursingl Il
Completel Guide|l Questionsl &l Answers|l
Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl (Verifiedl
Solutions)-l GCU
QUESTION
irritablel bowell syndrome
Answer:
chronicl abdominall painl andl alteredl bowell patterns
CAUSE
unknown,l contributingl factors:
-psychologicall stressors:
>PTSD,l anxiety,l depression
-Gil infection
-adversel reactionl tol food
-dietaryl intolerancel (FODMAPS)
>fermented,l oligo,l di,l monol andl polyols
>oligosaccharide:l wheat,l rye,l fruitsl andl veggies,l nuts,l legumes
>disaccharidel lactose:l milk
>monosaccharidel fructose:l apple,l pears,l honey,l highl fructosel cornl syrup
>polysaccharides:l apple,l pears,l artificiall sweetener,l cauliflower,l mushrooms
DIAGNOSE
diagnosisl isl madel purelyl basedl offl ofl symptoms
1.l Romel IVl criteria
-abdominall pain/discomfortl 1l dayl al weekl forl 3l monthsl associatedl w:l defecation,l changel
ofl stooll forml orl frequency
2.l stooll pattern:l IBS-constipation,l IBS-diarrhea,l IBS-unsubtyped,l IBS-mixed
-otherl s/s:l distension,l bloating,l urgency,l flatulence,l nausea,l mucusl inl stool,l sensel
incompletel evacuation
TREATMENT
1.l psychologicall support:l CBTl andl stressl management
2.l dietl therapy:l dietl lowl inl FODMAPl (nol alcl andl caffeine)
3.l lifestylel modification:l physicall activityl tol decreasel bloatingl andl constipation
4.l meds:
-IBSl D:l eloxadoline,l alosetronl
,>alosetron:l canl causel severel constipationl andl ischemicl colitisl (reportl abdominall pain,l
rectall bleeding,l bloodyl stool,l constipation)
-IBSl C:l lubiprostone,l linaclotide
**alll IBSl patientsl canl benefitl froml anl antidepressantl andl antispasmodicl (decreasel GIl
motilityl andl smoothl musclel spasms->decreasel painl andl diarrhea)
QUESTION
inflammatoryl bowell disease
Answer:
chronicl inflammationl ofl thel GIl tractl wl periodsl ofl remissionl andl exacerbation
1.l Crohns:l anywherel onl GIl froml mouthl tol anus
2.l ulcerativel colitis:l inl thel colonl andl rectum
CAUSE
-nol knownl cause,l contributingl factors:l
>diet,l stress,l smoking
>increasedl risk:l refinedl sugar,l totall fat,l polyunsaturatedl fattyl acid,l omegal 6l fattyl acid.l
NSAIDS,l orall contraceptive,l antibiotics
>decreasel risk:l fruit,l veggies,l omegal 3l richl foodl andl fiber
SYMPTOMS
1.l crohns:
-diarrhea,l abdominall pain,l cramping,l weightl loss
2.l ulcerativel colitis:
-bloodyl diarrhea,l abdominall pain
-severe:l anemia,l rapidl weightl loss,l dehydration,l tachycardia
COMPICATIONS
-hemorrhage
-perforation
-c.l diff
-perianall fistulal andl abscessl
-strictures
-toxicl megacolon
DIAGNOSE
-historyl andl physical
-stooll tests:l showl infection
-stooll testl forl blood!!
-imagingl studies
-bloodl studies:l CBC:l ironl deficiencyl froml bloodl loss,l increasel WBCl showsl perforation,l
decreasel Na,l K,l Cl,l Mg
,QUESTION
inflammatoryl bowell diseasel treatment
Answer:
MANAGEMENTl GOALS
-restl thel bowel
-controll inflammation
-correctl malnutrition
-symptoml relief
-improvel qualityl ofl life
MANAGE
1.l Drugl Therapy:
-aminosalicylate:l decreasel inflammation
-antimicrobial:l prevent/treatl 2ndaryl infection
-corticosteroids:l decreasel inflammation
-immunomodulators:l suppressl immune
-biologicl therapy
2.l Surgicall Therapy:
-forl complications
3.l Nutritionl Therapy:
-preventl andl treatl malnourishment,l preventl weightl loss,l replacel fluidl andl electrolytes,l
maintainl nutritionl w/ol worseningl symptoms
-highl cal,l highl protein,l vitamins
ASSESSMENT
-infection,l autoimmunel disease
-increasel HR,l decreasel BP,l fever,l hyperactivel bowell sounds
ACUTEl CARE
-vitall signsl andl labs
-monitorl intakel andl output
-stools:l appearancel andl number
-IVl fluidsl andl electrolytes
-bowell sounds
-dailyl weights
-analgesicsl andl anti-inflammatoryl meds
-skinl care:l perianall care,l waterl andl moisturizer,l sitzl bath
AMBULATORYl CARE
educate
-rest:l bcl ofl malnourishmentl andl anemia,l bcl painl andl diarrheal mayl keepl theml upl atl
night
-diet
-symptomsl ofl recurrence
-medsl andl theirl SE
, -perianall care
-decreasel stress
-whenl tol calll provider
QUESTION
bowell obstruction
Answer:
whenl intestinall contentl cannotl passl throughl thel SIl orl LI
TYPES
1.l partial:l gasl andl fluidsl canl pass,l canl fixl byl increasingl fiber
2.l complete:l needl surgery
3.l simple:l stilll gettingl bloodl flow
4.l strangulated:l nol bloodl flowl tol area
CAUSES
1.l mechanicall obstruction:l surgicall adhesion,l crohns,l stricture,l cancer,l hernia,l ischemia
*mcl SI:l surgicall adhesion
*mcl LI:l diverticulitis,l malignantl obstruction
2.l nonl mechanical:l reducedl orl absentl peristalsis
-mcl isl al paralyticl ileus:l causedl byl abdominall surgery,l electrolytel imbalance,l peritonitis
SYMPTOMS
-abdominall pain
-distension
-n/v
-constipation
DIAGNOSIS
-historyl andl physical
-CT,l xl ray
-contrastl enema
-sigmoidoscopy,l colonoscopy
-CBCl andl bloodl chemistry
QUESTION
bowell obstructionl np
Answer:
ASSESSMENT
*canl bel lifel threateningl (concernl electrolytel andl fluidl imbalance)
-intakel andl output
-bowell functionl andl sounds:l abilityl tol passl gas
