Unitek Emt Final Study Guide With 100% Correct Answers Updated

UNITEK EMT FINAL STUDY GUIDE WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS UPDATED 1. What best defines the nursing process? - ANSWER1. Assessment - identify a client's health care status 2. Diagnosis - actual or potential health problems 3. Outcomes identification 4. Planning - establish plans to meet the identified needs 5. Implementation - to deliver specific nursing interventions to address those needs 6. Evaluation - determine if goals were met 2. What is the most effective process to ensure that the care plan is meeting the needs of the patient? - ANSWEREvaluation How may a newly licensed LPN/LVN practice? - ANSWERUnder the supervision of a physician or RN Whose influence on nursing practice in the 19th century was related to improvement of patient environment as a method of health promotion? - ANSWERFlorence Nightingale 3. What document identifies the roles and responsibilities of the LPN/LVN? - ANSWERThe Nurse Practice Act (NPA) What does documentation of type of care, time of care, and signature of the person prove? - ANSWERThat interventions were implemented to meet the patient's needs. The nurse charts only additional treatments done, changes in patient condition, and new concerns. What is this system of documentation? - ANSWERCharting by exception 4. What form explains the lapse when events are not consistent with facility or national standards of expected care? - ANSWERIncident report 5. Although the patient denies pain, the nurse observes the patient breathing rapidly with clenched fists and facial grimacing. What is the nurse's best response to these observations? A. "I am glad you are feeling better and have no discomfort." B. "Where do you hurt?" C. "What you are saying and what I am observing don't seem to match." D. "It makes me uncomfortable when you are not honest with me." - ANSWERC. "What you are saying and what I am observing don't seem to match." What does therapeutic communication accomplish? - ANSWERForms a positive and trusting nurse-patient relationship and actively involves the patient in all areas of care. 6. What therapeutic communication technique requires a great deal of skill and is not used as frequently as other communication techniques? - ANSWERTherapeutic silence (it conveys support, compassion, caring and concern) What is classified as information provided by the family when a patient is unable to provide data during assessment? - ANSWERSecondary 7. What framework does the establishment of priorities of care during the planning phase of the nursing process often use? - ANSWERMaslow's hierarchy of needs: 1. physiologic 2. safety and security 3. love and belongingness 4. esteem 5. self-actualization 8. What type of assessment is performed continuously throughout nurse-patient contact? - ANSWERfocused assessment 9. What bacteria can lie dormant when conditions for growth are not favorable? - ANSWERspores 10. A patient with a respiratory infection reports that he is not yet on an antibiotic. The nurse explains that the health care provider is waiting on the results of the culture and sensitivity. What does this test determine? - ANSWERCulture tests to find germs. Sensitivity tests to see what kind of medicine (antibiotic) will work best to treat the infx 11. What bacterium is responsible for more diseases than any other organism? - ANSWERstreptococcus What is the branch of science that studies how the body functions? - ANSWERPhysiology The thoracic cavity is ___________ to the abdominopelvic cavity. - ANSWERSuperior Which of the following refers to the groin region? - ANSWERinguinal Which of the following is considered the control center of the cell? - ANSWERNucleus Define osmosis? - ANSWERDiffusion of water through a SELECTIVELY permeable membrane What are Melanocytes? - ANSWERcells that produce melanin C? - ANSWERear wax The color of skin that is supplied by oxygen-poor blood? - ANSWERCyanosis The basic cell of the nervous system is a? - ANSWERneuron 12. What are the names of the synthesize myelin sheath of neurons in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves? - ANSWERCNS - Oligrodendrocytes PNS - Schwann cells Astrocytes function? - ANSWER- Forms Blood brain barrier = prevents toxins in blood from entering the brain and spinal cord - Secrete nerve growth factors Action potentials? - ANSWERnerve impulse - an electrical signal that conveys information along a neuron 13. Phases of action potential - ANSWER1. Polarization (NEGATIVE) = Resting state - K+ leaks from neuron 2. Depolarization (POSITIVE) = Stimulation threshold potential - Na+ rushes in 3. Repolarization (POSITIVE BACK TO NEGATIVE) = Return back to Rest - K+ rushes out *** If neuron does not repolarize, it can NEVER fire Nodes of Ranvier are? - ANSWERlocations on the axon where the myelin sheath is absent sensory neurons? - ANSWERAfferent neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord motor neurons - ANSWEREfferent neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles AND glands Ascending tracts of the spinal cord? - ANSWERcarry sensory information TO the brain - ANSWERAscending tract - pain pathway endocrine system function - ANSWERDuctless glands secretes hormones directly into bloodstream to their target tissues. Positive feedback loop - ANSWER"Keep going" Ex: child birth (oxytocin), blood clotting negative feedback loop - ANSWER"That's enough, STOP" Ex: Homeostasis - Body temp, blood pressure, fluid regulation, cortisol release Which of the following is an oxygen-carrying blood cell? - ANSWERErythrocyte = Red blood cells (RBCs) 14. Which blood cell fits this description: granulocytic, phagocytic, and motile? - ANSWERNeutrophil Which of the following causes granulocytopenia? - ANSWERmyelosuppression (bone marrow depression) What does heme contain? - ANSWERiron 15. Function of the heart - ANSWERTo act as a pump to send oxygenated blood to the body and bring deoxygenated blood back to the lungs Structure of the heart - ANSWER1. Located in mediastinum, LEFT SIDE OF CHEST 2. 4 chambers: - left atrium and ventricle - right atrium and ventricle 3. Valves: - Aortic seminlunar valves (LV) - Pulmonic semilunar valve (RV) - Tricuspid valve (RA) - Bicuspid (Mitral) valve (LA) 4. Pericardium - epicardium - myocardium - endocardium Starling's law of the heart? - ANSWERThe greater the stretch of the myocardium, the stronger the force of contraction 16. EXAMPLE OF STARLINGS LAW - ANSWERFor example, an increase in the amount of blood entering the ventricle (venous return) causes the ventricle to stretch. Stretch increases the force of contraction, which in turn increases stroke volume. Diuretics affect on the heart? - ANSWER- Blocks the absorption of sodium and water by the kidney - Gets rid of excess water, decreases edema (+) chronotropic agents do what? - ANSWER- INCREASE heart RATE - SYMPATHETIC nerve stimulation (+) inotropic agents do what? - ANSWER- INCREASE contractile FORCE/stroke volume (not by stretch) - SYMPATHETIC nerve stimulation Ex: Digoxin, Epi, dopamine (+) dromotropic agents do what? - ANSWER- INCREASE SPEED of the cardiac impulse from the SA node to the AV node - SYMPATHETIC nerve stimulation 17. Stroke Volume (SV) - ANSWERThe amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction. Ejection Fraction (EF) - ANSWERWhen the ventricle contracts, it pumps about 67% of its volume (End-Diastolic Volume), some blood remains in the ventricle. The % of the EDV that is pumped is called the ejection fraction. Cardiac reserve is: - ANSWERThe capacity to increase cardiac output above the resting cardiac output. right lymphatic duct - ANSWERreceives lymph from the right upper part of the body right lymphatic duct empties into - ANSWERright subclavian vein thoracic duct - ANSWERreceives lymph from the left side of the head, neck, chest, abdomen, left arm, and lower extremities thoracic duct empties into - ANSWERleft subclavian vein function of spleen - ANSWER- Red pulp: venous sinuses with blood and phagocytes - White pulp: lymphocytes - Stores and removes RBCs and platelets palatine tonsils location - ANSWERlocated on the left and right sides of the throat in the area that is visible through the mouth lingual tonsils location - ANSWERlocated on the back of the tongue pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) location - ANSWERposterior wall of nasopharynx phrenic nerve function - ANSWERCarries impulses to the diaphragm from the brain. intercostal nerve function - ANSWERsupply muscles of the ribs, anterolateral thorax, and abdominal wall Neurotransmitters (respiratory system) - ANSWERglutamate, GABA, and glycine. pleural membranes/cavity - ANSWER2 membranes surround the lungs and create a cavity between that is filled with a water solution function of diaphragm - ANSWER- separates the digestive cavity from the respiratory cavity - contracts and relaxes to help the lungs inflate and deflate external intercostal muscles - ANSWERA muscle that raises the rib cage, decreasing pressure inside the chest cavity 18. What vascular structure is found between the afferent and efferent arterioles? - ANSWERCapillaries What is the major artery that supplies the kidneys? - ANSWERrenal artery renal capsule function - ANSWERMade of Dense Fibrous Tissue. maintains shape of the kidney, and forms a barrier that can inhibit the spread of infection 19. Which blood vessel(s) is (are) primarily concerned with reabsorption? - ANSWERPeritubular capillaries What are peritubular capillaries? - ANSWERtiny blood vessels that travel alongside nephrons allowing reabsorption and secretion bw blood and the inner lumen of the nephron 20. Where is sperm produced? - ANSWERseminiferous tubules seminiferous tubules? - ANSWERSmall convoluted tubules in the testes where spermatogenesis takes place. interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH) - ANSWERstimulates ovulation in the female; stimulates the secretion of testosterone in the male 21. Another name for the hormone ICSH is? - ANSWERLuteinizing hormone (LH) Which of the following consists of a midpiece, head, and flagellum? - ANSWERSperm What is a zygote? - ANSWERfertilized egg HCl function in stomach - ANSWERDenatures proteins to facilitate digestion hepatic portal system - ANSWERthe veins that carry blood from the digestive organs to the liver Lipases do what? - ANSWERBreak down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol trypsin does what? - ANSWERbreaks down proteins Pepsin does what? - ANSWEREnzyme that breaks down proteins in the stomach 22. Amylase does what? - ANSWEREnzyme in saliva that breaks down starches What best defines the nursing process? - ANSWER1. Assessment - identify a client's health care status 2. Diagnosis - actual or potential health problems 3. Outcomes identification 4. Planning - establish plans to meet the identified needs 5. Implementation - to deliver specific nursing interventions to address those needs 6. Evaluation - determine if goals were met 23. What is the most effective process to ensure that the care plan is meeting the needs of the patient? - ANSWEREvaluation 24. How may a newly licensed LPN/LVN practice? - ANSWERUnder the supervision of a physician or RN 25. Whose influence on nursing practice in the 19th century was related to improvement of patient environment as a method of health promotion? - ANSWERFlorence Nightingale 26. What document identifies the roles and responsibilities of the LPN/LVN? - ANSWERThe Nurse Practice Act (NPA) 27. What does documentation of type of care, time of care, and signature of the person prove? - ANSWERThat interventions were implemented to meet the patient's needs. 28. 29. The nurse charts only additional treatments done, changes in patient condition, and new concerns. What is this system of documentation? - ANSWERCharting by exception 30. What form explains the lapse when events are not consistent with facility or national standards of expected care? - ANSWERIncident report 31. Although the patient denies pain, the nurse observes the patient breathing rapidly with clenched fists and facial grimacing. What is the nurse's best response to these observations? A. "I am glad you are feeling better and have no discomfort." B. "Where do you hurt?" C. "What you are saying and what I am observing don't seem to match." D. "It makes me uncomfortable when you are not honest with me." - ANSWERC. "What you are saying and what I am observing don't seem to match." 32. What does therapeutic communication accomplish? - ANSWERForms a positive and trusting nurse-patient relationship and actively involves the patient in all areas of care. 33. What therapeutic communication technique requires a great deal of skill and is not used as frequently as other communication techniques? - ANSWERTherapeutic silence (it conveys support, compassion, caring and concern) 34. What is classified as information provided by the family when a patient is unable to provide data during assessment? - ANSWERSecondary 35. What framework does the establishment of priorities of care during the planning phase of the nursing process often use? - ANSWERMaslow's hierarchy of needs: 1. physiologic 2. safety and security 3. love and belongingness 4. esteem 5. self-actualization 36. What type of assessment is performed continuously throughout nurse-patient contact? - ANSWERfocused assessment 37.What bacteria can lie dormant when conditions for growth are not favorable? - ANSWERspores 38. A patient with a respiratory infection reports that he is not yet on an antibiotic. The nurse explains that the health care provider is waiting on the results of the culture and sensitivity. What does this test determine? - ANSWERCulture tests to find germs. Sensitivity tests to see what kind of medicine (antibiotic) will work best to treat the infx 39. What bacterium is responsible for more diseases than any other organism? - ANSWERstreptococcus 40. What is the branch of science that studies how the body functions? - ANSWERPhysiology The thoracic cavity is ___________ to the abdominopelvic cavity. - ANSWERSuperior Which of the following refers to the groin region? - ANSWERinguinal Which of the following is considered the control center of the cell? - ANSWERNucleus 41. Define osmosis? - ANSWERDiffusion of water through a SELECTIVELY permeable membrane What are Melanocytes? - ANSWERcells that produce melanin Ceruminous glands secrete? - ANSWERear wax The color of skin that is supplied by oxygen-poor blood? - ANSWERCyanosis The basic cell of the nervous system is a? - ANSWERneuron What are the names of the synthesize myelin sheath of neurons in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves? - ANSWERCNS - Oligrodendrocytes PNS - Schwann cells Astrocytes function? - ANSWER- Forms Blood brain barrier = prevents toxins in blood from entering the brain and spinal cord - Secrete nerve growth factors Action potentials? - ANSWERnerve impulse - an electrical signal that conveys information along a neuron Phases of action potential - ANSWER1. Polarization (NEGATIVE) = Resting state - K+ leaks from neuron 2. Depolarization (POSITIVE) = Stimulation threshold potential - Na+ rushes in 3. Repolarization (POSITIVE BACK TO NEGATIVE) = Return back to Rest - K+ rushes out *** If neuron does not repolarize, it can NEVER fire Nodes of Ranvier are? - ANSWERlocations on the axon where the myelin sheath is absent sensory neurons? - ANSWERAfferent neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord motor neurons - ANSWEREfferent neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles AND glands Ascending tracts of the spinal cord? - ANSWERcarry sensory information TO the brain spinothalamic tract - ANSWERAscending tract - pain pathway endocrine system function - ANSWERDuctless glands secretes hormones directly into bloodstream to their target tissues. Positive feedback loop - ANSWER"Keep going" Ex: child birth (ox