IUPUI CELL BIOLOGY EXAM #2
2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
cDNA library - ....ANSWER ...-Collection of DNA fragments synthesized
using all of the mRNAs present in a particular type of cell as a template.
complementary DNA (cDNA) - ....ANSWER ...-DNA molecule synthesized
from an mRNA molecule and therefore lacking the introns that are present in
genomic DNA.
dideoxy sequencing or Sanger sequencing - ....ANSWER ...-The standard
method of determining the nucleotide sequence of DNA; utilizes DNA
polymerase and a set of chain-terminating nucleotides.
DNA cloning - ....ANSWER ...-Production of many identical copies of a
DNA sequence; can be made by forcing DNA to copy sequences
DNA library - ....ANSWER ...-Collection of cloned DNA molecules,
representing either an entire genome (genomic library) or copies of the mRNA
produced by a cell (cDNA library).
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 1
,DNA microarray - ....ANSWER ...-cDNA are made from samples and
labeled with fluorescent dyes; expression of different mRNAs of each sample is
monitored by examining the intensity and color of the fluorescent signals
gene knockout - ....ANSWER ...-A genetically engineered animal in which a
specific gene has been inactivated.
gene replacement - ....ANSWER ...-Technique that substitutes a mutant
form of a gene for its normal counterpart to investigate the gene's function.
genomic DNA library - ....ANSWER ...-Collection of cloned DNA
molecules that represents the entire genome of a cell.
green fluorescent protein (GFP) - ....ANSWER ...-Fluorescent protein,
isolated from a jellyfish, that is used experimentally as a marker for monitoring the
location and movement of proteins in living cells; protein is embedded in a reading
frame
hybridization - ....ANSWER ...-Experimental technique in which two
complementary nucleic acid strands come together and form hydrogen bonds to
produce a double helix; used to detect specific nucleotide sequences in either DNA
or RNA.
in situ hybridization - ....ANSWER ...-Technique in which a single-stranded
RNA or DNA probe is used to locate a complementary nucleotide sequence in a
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 2
,chromosome, cell, or tissue; used to diagnose genetic disorders or to track gene
expression.
knockout mouse - ....ANSWER ...-Genetically engineered mouse in which a
specific gene has been inactivated, for example, by introducing a deletion in its
DNA.
plasmid - ....ANSWER ...-Small circular DNA molecule that replicates
independently of the genome; used extensively as a vector for DNA cloning.
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - ....ANSWER ...-Technique for amplifying
selected regions of DNA by multiple cycles of DNA synthesis; can produce
billions of copies of a given sequence in a matter of hours.
recombinant DNA molecule - ....ANSWER ...-A DNA molecule that is
composed of DNA sequences from different sources.
recombinant DNA technology - ....ANSWER ...-The collection of
techniques by which DNA segments from different sources are combined to make
new DNA. Recombinant DNAs are widely used in the cloning of genes, in the
genetic modification of organisms, and in molecular biology generally.
restriction nuclease - ....ANSWER ...-bacteria enzyme that can cleave foreign
DNA like viruses at specific palindromic sequences
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 3
, RNA-Seq - ....ANSWER ...-Sequencing technique that converts mRNAs to
cDNAs and determines how much a gene is expressed in a sample; produces a
complete transcriptome (RNAs produced by a cell)
transformation - ....ANSWER ...-Process by which cells take up DNA
molecules from their surroundings and then express genes on that DNA (common
with recombinant DNA molecules)
transgenic organism - ....ANSWER ...-A plant or animal that has stably
incorporated into its genome one or more genes derived from another cell or
organism.
vector - ....ANSWER ...-DNA molecule that is used as a vehicle to carry a
fragment of DNA into a recipient cell for the purpose of gene cloning; examples
include plasmids, engineered viruses, and artificial chromosomes.
wild type - ....ANSWER ...-Typical non-mutant form of a species, gene, or
characteristic as it occurs in nature.
DNA - ....ANSWER ...-animal and plant breeding changes _______
electrophoresis - ....ANSWER ...-what method can separate recently-cleaved
DNA fragments?
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 4
2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
cDNA library - ....ANSWER ...-Collection of DNA fragments synthesized
using all of the mRNAs present in a particular type of cell as a template.
complementary DNA (cDNA) - ....ANSWER ...-DNA molecule synthesized
from an mRNA molecule and therefore lacking the introns that are present in
genomic DNA.
dideoxy sequencing or Sanger sequencing - ....ANSWER ...-The standard
method of determining the nucleotide sequence of DNA; utilizes DNA
polymerase and a set of chain-terminating nucleotides.
DNA cloning - ....ANSWER ...-Production of many identical copies of a
DNA sequence; can be made by forcing DNA to copy sequences
DNA library - ....ANSWER ...-Collection of cloned DNA molecules,
representing either an entire genome (genomic library) or copies of the mRNA
produced by a cell (cDNA library).
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 1
,DNA microarray - ....ANSWER ...-cDNA are made from samples and
labeled with fluorescent dyes; expression of different mRNAs of each sample is
monitored by examining the intensity and color of the fluorescent signals
gene knockout - ....ANSWER ...-A genetically engineered animal in which a
specific gene has been inactivated.
gene replacement - ....ANSWER ...-Technique that substitutes a mutant
form of a gene for its normal counterpart to investigate the gene's function.
genomic DNA library - ....ANSWER ...-Collection of cloned DNA
molecules that represents the entire genome of a cell.
green fluorescent protein (GFP) - ....ANSWER ...-Fluorescent protein,
isolated from a jellyfish, that is used experimentally as a marker for monitoring the
location and movement of proteins in living cells; protein is embedded in a reading
frame
hybridization - ....ANSWER ...-Experimental technique in which two
complementary nucleic acid strands come together and form hydrogen bonds to
produce a double helix; used to detect specific nucleotide sequences in either DNA
or RNA.
in situ hybridization - ....ANSWER ...-Technique in which a single-stranded
RNA or DNA probe is used to locate a complementary nucleotide sequence in a
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 2
,chromosome, cell, or tissue; used to diagnose genetic disorders or to track gene
expression.
knockout mouse - ....ANSWER ...-Genetically engineered mouse in which a
specific gene has been inactivated, for example, by introducing a deletion in its
DNA.
plasmid - ....ANSWER ...-Small circular DNA molecule that replicates
independently of the genome; used extensively as a vector for DNA cloning.
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - ....ANSWER ...-Technique for amplifying
selected regions of DNA by multiple cycles of DNA synthesis; can produce
billions of copies of a given sequence in a matter of hours.
recombinant DNA molecule - ....ANSWER ...-A DNA molecule that is
composed of DNA sequences from different sources.
recombinant DNA technology - ....ANSWER ...-The collection of
techniques by which DNA segments from different sources are combined to make
new DNA. Recombinant DNAs are widely used in the cloning of genes, in the
genetic modification of organisms, and in molecular biology generally.
restriction nuclease - ....ANSWER ...-bacteria enzyme that can cleave foreign
DNA like viruses at specific palindromic sequences
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 3
, RNA-Seq - ....ANSWER ...-Sequencing technique that converts mRNAs to
cDNAs and determines how much a gene is expressed in a sample; produces a
complete transcriptome (RNAs produced by a cell)
transformation - ....ANSWER ...-Process by which cells take up DNA
molecules from their surroundings and then express genes on that DNA (common
with recombinant DNA molecules)
transgenic organism - ....ANSWER ...-A plant or animal that has stably
incorporated into its genome one or more genes derived from another cell or
organism.
vector - ....ANSWER ...-DNA molecule that is used as a vehicle to carry a
fragment of DNA into a recipient cell for the purpose of gene cloning; examples
include plasmids, engineered viruses, and artificial chromosomes.
wild type - ....ANSWER ...-Typical non-mutant form of a species, gene, or
characteristic as it occurs in nature.
DNA - ....ANSWER ...-animal and plant breeding changes _______
electrophoresis - ....ANSWER ...-what method can separate recently-cleaved
DNA fragments?
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 4
