NTR 213 UNCG FINAL EXAM 2025

The best example of a nutrient dense food would be: - -A green salad with peppers, tomatoes, cucumbers, and lean chicken An example of a "phytochemical" is - -The flavonoids in purple grapes An example of a food with empty calories is - -a regular soda such as Dr. Pepper A macronutrient may best be defined as: - -a food substance that is needed by the body in large quantities A micronutrient may be defined as: - -a food substance that is needed by the body in small quantities Guidelines for selection of a healthy diet would include: - -all of the choices apply - eat a variety of foods - balance your choices throughout the day - practice moderation When undernutrition occurs, the symptoms are obvious and easily recognized - -False Over-nutrition can occur with extremely high doses of a vitamin/mineral supplement. - True List the steps in the "Scientific method" in the order in which they occur: - -observation to hypothesis to experiment to theory Select the best answer for the term "hypothesis" - -a proposed explanation for an observation or scientific problem that can lead to an experiment What does the term epidemiology mean? - -the branch of science that studies and examines populations for trends in health and disease What is a "control group" in a nutrition study? - -the group that serves as the standard or that gets the placebo What is an "experimental group" in a nutrition study? - -the group getting the treatment being tested Having results of an experiment examined and interpreted by experts in the field is called a ___________, - -peer review process NUTRITION 213 NUTRITION 213 Individual testimonies are evidence of research-based knowledge and are great for setting policies. - -False A clinical trial is often conducted after looking at the results of an epidemiology study. - True Care must be taken when using the results of an animal study to relate to a practice in humans - -True What is a placebo? - -The treatment given to the control group Define evidence-based practice - -Nutrition recommendations based upon multiple peer reviewed studies Which of the following are examples of peer reviewed publications? - -The Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics The process by which food is broken down into components small enough to be absorbed into the body is called: - -Digestion The process of taking substances from the gastrointestinal tract into the body interior is called: - -Absorption The process of passing waste materials from the body is called: - -Excretion A substance that accelerates or increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being altered or changed is called a (an) - -enzyme Amylase breaks larger ___________ molecules down into smaller units - -carbohydrate Lipase breaks larger __________ molecules down into smaller units - -lipid The large intestine is the site of most nutrient absorption - -False Saliva contains _____________ - -Salivary amylase Gastric juices contain the protein digesting enzyme ______________ - -pepsin Secretions into the small intestine come from ___________. - -All the Choices apply - the gall bladder - the small intestine - the pancreas Bile is made in the __________ and stored in the _______________. - -liver; gall bladder NUTRITION 213 NUTRITION 213 The correct amount and variety of microorganisms in the GI tract, known as the intestinal microbiota, can impact your - -All the choices apply - gastrointestinal function - maintenance of immune function - overall health The unique structure of the small intestine provides the site for chemical digestion and __________ of ingested food. - -absorption Because fiber retains water, both adequate fluid and adequate fiber are necessary for easy passage of waste material from the large intestine - -True The finger like projections covering the surface of the small intestine are called - -villi Chyme is composed of - -All the choices apply - food substances consumed - mucous - stomach acids In order to move food from the esophagus into the stomach, what must happen? - -the esophageal sphincter must relax _______________ are tiny projections of mucosal cell membrane, also known as the brush border - -microvilli The _____________ protects us from food entering the trachea during swallowing - epiglottis The rhythmic contractions of food moving down the esophagus is known as ___________ - -peristalsis Which of the following statements regarding phytochemicals is TRUE? - -They are found in plant foods. Which of the following represents the correct order of steps of the scientific method? - Make an observation, develop a hypothesis, conduct experiments, form a theory Which of the following is the best definition of essential nutrients? - -Nutrients a person must consume in the diet to because their body can't make (or can't make enough) The Blue Zone study is a project that visited parts of the world with high rates of people living past the age of 100 to learn about their lifestyles. Which was NOT a common dietary attribute observed in Blue Zone regions? - -Avoiding eating animal products (e.g. meat, fish, and cheese). NUTRITION 213 NUTRITION 213 Which list of foods is likely to be the most nutrient dense? - -carrots, blueberries, grilled salmon What nutrient always contains nitrogen? - -proteins Which of these is NOT a feature of a clinical trial (also called a controlled trial)? - Compensate study participants so they don't drop out Which statement is true about organic nutrients? - -They all contain carbon The things we eat can have an effect on our genes. - -True We surveyed the grandparents of all students at UNCG to find out about their typical diet. When we analyzed our results, we found that grandparents who reported consuming more saturated fat also had higher rates of heart attacks. What can we conclude from this study? - -Eating saturated fats may be associated with heart attacks in a population of grandparents of UNCG students. Which item in the list below contains the most calories? - -Lemon drops (4 grams protein, 4 grams carbohydrates, 3 grams fat) 59 total calories Minerva is a preterm baby who was born at 26 weeks gestation. Today she consumed fortified donor human milk that provided her with 5 grams of protein, 20 grams of carbohydrates, and 5 grams of fat. How many total calories did Minerva receive from fortified donor human milk? - -145 Results from a single experiment are enough to develop a theory. - -False Minerva is a preterm baby who was born at 26 weeks gestation. Today she consumed fortified donor human milk that provided her with 5 grams of protein, 20 grams of carbohydrates, and 5 grams of fat. What percentage of her total calories came from protein? - -13.8 I am an essential inorganic nutrient that is NOT broken down to generate energy. I am needed in large quantities. Who am I? - -water A Calorie is... - -The amount of energy required to raise 1 kg of water 1 degree Celsius Which of the following statements about fortified foods is FALSE? - -All food fortification programs are initiated by the federal government. If we ground up "Average Woman" and looked at what she was made of, what would likely be the macronutrient distribution in her body (from most abundant to least abundant)? - -water, lipid, carbohydrate, protein ???????? NUTRITION 213 NUTRITION 213 UNCG's women's basketball team wins the national championship! Researchers, who are interested in understanding more about diet and sports performance, spend time with this teams to learn about their nutrition practices. This is an example of an ______________ study and findings about the relationship between diet and athletic performance can be interpreted as __________________. - -observational, correlation On a regular basis, Sam eats Cheetos and a coke for breakfast, 2 cupcakes, 2 hot dogs, and a coke for lunch, and potato chips, a whole pizza, and a couple of beers for dinner. Not surprisingly, he has been gaining weight. Given what you know so far about healthy eating patterns, how would you describe Sam's status as it relates to malnutrition? - -Sam is likely malnourished in the form of over and under nutrition (too much of some nutrients and too little of others). Which list places nutrients in order from highest to lowest calories (on a per gram basis)? - -lipid, alcohol, carbohydrate, vitamin ??? Which of the following are challenges with doing nutrition related research? - -All of these are challenges with nutrition research -It may be difficult for people to stick to a diet intervention (therefore adherence to treatment may be low). -Studies conducted in animals may not be applicable to human subjects. -People aren't very good at reporting what they ate (therefore data may