GMS 6401 RENAL FINAL EXAM UF QUESTIONS
Why arre errors in tubule Na reabsorption a problem? - Answers - Errors in tubule Na
reabsorption in DN and CD lead to impaired vol homeostasis and BP
What is Liddles Syndrome? - Answers - Disorder with a gain in ENaC function due to a
mutation
ENaC cannot be removed from luminal membrane by Aldo, so Na is always reabsorbed
Results in Na-sensitive hypertension, suppression of RAAS, and hypokalemia
Treat with low Na and amiloride
What is acute kidney injury? - Answers - Abrupt loss of kidney function (days to weeks)
due to falls in renal blood flow, renal plasma low, and always GFR
Often accompanied by tubular damage
Usually low urine flow
What are the three categories and causes of acute kidney injury? - Answers - 1.
Prerenal: Nothing wrong with kidney, problems due to decreased renal perfusion
2. Renal: caused by events in the kidney
3. Obstructive
Describe Prerenal AKI - Answers - Can be caused by hemorrage or vol depletion
(vomiting, over use of diuretics) due to other cause
A large fall in systemic BP below the autoregulatory ability of the kidney causes
decrease in blood flow and PGC = lower GFR
Describe renal AKI - Answers - Most common is ischemic damage, due to sever
hypotension and hypoxia
Also caused toxic injury from drugs or endogenous toxins, or UTI pyelonephritis, or
poststrep infection
Describe obstructive AKI - Answers - Intrarenal damage due to crystal formation,
extrarenal due to urinary tract blockage, vascular obstruction due to RA/RV clotting
Give vol and raise urine flow, only hemodialysis if necessary, need to reverse cause if
possible
Longterm may cause development of CKD
Why arre errors in tubule Na reabsorption a problem? - Answers - Errors in tubule Na
reabsorption in DN and CD lead to impaired vol homeostasis and BP
What is Liddles Syndrome? - Answers - Disorder with a gain in ENaC function due to a
mutation
ENaC cannot be removed from luminal membrane by Aldo, so Na is always reabsorbed
Results in Na-sensitive hypertension, suppression of RAAS, and hypokalemia
Treat with low Na and amiloride
What is acute kidney injury? - Answers - Abrupt loss of kidney function (days to weeks)
due to falls in renal blood flow, renal plasma low, and always GFR
Often accompanied by tubular damage
Usually low urine flow
What are the three categories and causes of acute kidney injury? - Answers - 1.
Prerenal: Nothing wrong with kidney, problems due to decreased renal perfusion
2. Renal: caused by events in the kidney
3. Obstructive
Describe Prerenal AKI - Answers - Can be caused by hemorrage or vol depletion
(vomiting, over use of diuretics) due to other cause
A large fall in systemic BP below the autoregulatory ability of the kidney causes
decrease in blood flow and PGC = lower GFR
Describe renal AKI - Answers - Most common is ischemic damage, due to sever
hypotension and hypoxia
Also caused toxic injury from drugs or endogenous toxins, or UTI pyelonephritis, or
poststrep infection
Describe obstructive AKI - Answers - Intrarenal damage due to crystal formation,
extrarenal due to urinary tract blockage, vascular obstruction due to RA/RV clotting
Give vol and raise urine flow, only hemodialysis if necessary, need to reverse cause if
possible
Longterm may cause development of CKD
