Aquifer - Radiology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8ghi6u
1. Window vs. Re- Reconstructions - processing of the raw CT data allows for better resolution of the
construction on structures [higher resolution and higher contrast]
CT?
Reconstruction can be done in 3D (ortho) or in a linear way too (vascular)
2. What is the to- -1000 (air) to +1000 (metal) [so range is 2000]
tal range of
hounsfield units
availabe?
3. What does a typi- 256shades (that means each shade of grey covers ~8HU)
cal computer dis- The can only distinguish 17 shades of grey
play show for
greyscale range?
What can the hu-
man eye actually
distinguish?
4. What is a good Look at the lateral film
way to check di-
aphragm flatten- Diaphragm will be flat like you can set a ruler down on the edge
ing?
5. What can a poor consolidation or PNA
inspiration/hy-
poinflation
appear like?
6. How to look at Sweep or a zig zag down the lung field (both in PA and lateral views)
the lung fields?
look for focal, diffuse, BL asymmetrical, interstital/vasc markings, lucencies (cavi-
ty/bullae/PTX),
, Aquifer - Radiology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8ghi6u
compare upper and lower and L/R zones
Middle
lower zones
7. Which hilum The LEFT sided hilum should be higher - if its not its pathological
should always
appear higher on
the radiograph?
8. What to look for Size of the heart - the cadiac:thoracic cavity ratio
with the heart? LA
LV
9. What mediasti- R paratracheal line
nal lines should Azygous area
be observed on Azygoesophageal line
PA film? Paraaortic line (all the way down)
If you can see these you need to figure out the reason why
10. How to look at Quadrant method [above and below the ribs] (the middle lung section you just
the bones on
Xray? also go down the spine looking for abnormalities, mets, or collapse
11. When should you AFTER you have COMPLETELY evaluated the new scan
START looking at
OLD films?
12. What are the The aim is to provide continuously updated evidence-based algorithms that
ACR appropriate- ensure the safest, most cost-effective, and most efficient path to radiological
ness criteria? diagnosis or intervention matched to specific variants of clinical presentations.
Federal LAW requires referring physicians to consult Appropriate Use Criteria
(AUC), such as ACR Appropriateness Criteria, prior to ordering advanced imag-
, Aquifer - Radiology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8ghi6u
ing services (ADIS), including CT, MR, nuclear medicine, and PET, for Medicare
patients.
13. How are appro- Older appropriateness rating tables used a numerical rating scale: • Usually
priateness cri- Appropriate = 9, 8, or 7 • May be Appropriate = 6, 5, or 4 • Usually Not Appropriate
teria divid- = 3, 2, or 1
ed/staged?
Newer appropriateness rating tables simply use the three categories: • Usually
Appropriate (Green cells in the table) • May be Appropriate (Yellow cells in the
table) • Usually Not Appropriate (Red cells in the table)
14. What lobe of lung The R and L upper lobes
is seen at the
apicies?
15. What is the sil- The visual interface between structures of different density.
houette sign?
Its actually when a silhouette is LOST that we say its a "silhouette sign"
16. What is spine When the combined density of the vertebrae and some source of fluid/consoli-
sign? dation make the vertebrae look MORE dense [just like ice over water accentuates
the ice appearing like they have increased density even though they still the same
ice]
17. What are cases in Spine sign - vertebral bodies should be relative lucent (black) above the di-
which spine sign aphragm on lateral projection.
occur?
-Lateral x-ray goes through spine + pneumonia and vertebra will appear whiter
(fewer x-rays reach detector since some are absorbed in the pneumonia)
- Helpful sign for detection of lower lobe pneumonia. - - Very useful for detecting
LLL pneumonia behind the heart.
- If vertebral bodies appear more dense (whiter) above the level of diaphragm,
and part of one of the diaphragms is obscured ’spine sign ’sign of lower lobe
, Aquifer - Radiology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8ghi6u
pneumonia
- There are other causes for the spine to appear whiter (such as a blastic bone
metastasis).
18. What is the lingu- The left heart border (this is more visible in the lateral view xray)
la aligned with?
19. What are air Air-filled bronchi within an area of consolidation.
bronchograms?
These are frequently seen in pneumonia, but can also be seen in some tumors
and other lung abnormalities
More common in alveolar disease
Air bronchogram `pneumonia
Can be seen in lung cancer (adenocarcinoma with bronchioloalveolar pattern)
Can be seen in lymphoma of the lung
Seen in:
A. Pneumonia
C. Pulmonary edema
D. Pulmonary hemorrhage
E. ARDS
20. Which patients All patients > 40 years
w/ PNA should History of recurrent pneumonia
have a follow up Current/former smokers
xray? Patients whose symptoms do not resolve
21. What is the MC Well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (formerly known as bronchioalveolar carci-
cause of solitary noma (BAC))
pulmonary nod-
ules on CT scan? Common in smokers AND non-smokers (esp females)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8ghi6u
1. Window vs. Re- Reconstructions - processing of the raw CT data allows for better resolution of the
construction on structures [higher resolution and higher contrast]
CT?
Reconstruction can be done in 3D (ortho) or in a linear way too (vascular)
2. What is the to- -1000 (air) to +1000 (metal) [so range is 2000]
tal range of
hounsfield units
availabe?
3. What does a typi- 256shades (that means each shade of grey covers ~8HU)
cal computer dis- The can only distinguish 17 shades of grey
play show for
greyscale range?
What can the hu-
man eye actually
distinguish?
4. What is a good Look at the lateral film
way to check di-
aphragm flatten- Diaphragm will be flat like you can set a ruler down on the edge
ing?
5. What can a poor consolidation or PNA
inspiration/hy-
poinflation
appear like?
6. How to look at Sweep or a zig zag down the lung field (both in PA and lateral views)
the lung fields?
look for focal, diffuse, BL asymmetrical, interstital/vasc markings, lucencies (cavi-
ty/bullae/PTX),
, Aquifer - Radiology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8ghi6u
compare upper and lower and L/R zones
Middle
lower zones
7. Which hilum The LEFT sided hilum should be higher - if its not its pathological
should always
appear higher on
the radiograph?
8. What to look for Size of the heart - the cadiac:thoracic cavity ratio
with the heart? LA
LV
9. What mediasti- R paratracheal line
nal lines should Azygous area
be observed on Azygoesophageal line
PA film? Paraaortic line (all the way down)
If you can see these you need to figure out the reason why
10. How to look at Quadrant method [above and below the ribs] (the middle lung section you just
the bones on
Xray? also go down the spine looking for abnormalities, mets, or collapse
11. When should you AFTER you have COMPLETELY evaluated the new scan
START looking at
OLD films?
12. What are the The aim is to provide continuously updated evidence-based algorithms that
ACR appropriate- ensure the safest, most cost-effective, and most efficient path to radiological
ness criteria? diagnosis or intervention matched to specific variants of clinical presentations.
Federal LAW requires referring physicians to consult Appropriate Use Criteria
(AUC), such as ACR Appropriateness Criteria, prior to ordering advanced imag-
, Aquifer - Radiology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8ghi6u
ing services (ADIS), including CT, MR, nuclear medicine, and PET, for Medicare
patients.
13. How are appro- Older appropriateness rating tables used a numerical rating scale: • Usually
priateness cri- Appropriate = 9, 8, or 7 • May be Appropriate = 6, 5, or 4 • Usually Not Appropriate
teria divid- = 3, 2, or 1
ed/staged?
Newer appropriateness rating tables simply use the three categories: • Usually
Appropriate (Green cells in the table) • May be Appropriate (Yellow cells in the
table) • Usually Not Appropriate (Red cells in the table)
14. What lobe of lung The R and L upper lobes
is seen at the
apicies?
15. What is the sil- The visual interface between structures of different density.
houette sign?
Its actually when a silhouette is LOST that we say its a "silhouette sign"
16. What is spine When the combined density of the vertebrae and some source of fluid/consoli-
sign? dation make the vertebrae look MORE dense [just like ice over water accentuates
the ice appearing like they have increased density even though they still the same
ice]
17. What are cases in Spine sign - vertebral bodies should be relative lucent (black) above the di-
which spine sign aphragm on lateral projection.
occur?
-Lateral x-ray goes through spine + pneumonia and vertebra will appear whiter
(fewer x-rays reach detector since some are absorbed in the pneumonia)
- Helpful sign for detection of lower lobe pneumonia. - - Very useful for detecting
LLL pneumonia behind the heart.
- If vertebral bodies appear more dense (whiter) above the level of diaphragm,
and part of one of the diaphragms is obscured ’spine sign ’sign of lower lobe
, Aquifer - Radiology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8ghi6u
pneumonia
- There are other causes for the spine to appear whiter (such as a blastic bone
metastasis).
18. What is the lingu- The left heart border (this is more visible in the lateral view xray)
la aligned with?
19. What are air Air-filled bronchi within an area of consolidation.
bronchograms?
These are frequently seen in pneumonia, but can also be seen in some tumors
and other lung abnormalities
More common in alveolar disease
Air bronchogram `pneumonia
Can be seen in lung cancer (adenocarcinoma with bronchioloalveolar pattern)
Can be seen in lymphoma of the lung
Seen in:
A. Pneumonia
C. Pulmonary edema
D. Pulmonary hemorrhage
E. ARDS
20. Which patients All patients > 40 years
w/ PNA should History of recurrent pneumonia
have a follow up Current/former smokers
xray? Patients whose symptoms do not resolve
21. What is the MC Well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (formerly known as bronchioalveolar carci-
cause of solitary noma (BAC))
pulmonary nod-
ules on CT scan? Common in smokers AND non-smokers (esp females)
