BIOL 600 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Why is triacylglycerol a more efficient storage form of energy compared
to glycogen? - ANSWER Triacylglycerol is nonpolar or hydrophobic and
excludes water doesn't absorb it thus lighter more energy per weight-
more efficient
• Glycogen absorbs water is heavier because of water less energy per
weight
Draw A double-reciprocal plot for a noncompetitive inhibition
Indicate which line is with and without inhibitor - ANSWER Lower Vmax
Km unchanged
Can't be overcome by increasing substrate concentration
What is a competitive inhibition plot defined and look like? - ANSWER
inhibitor binds where substrate binds, can be relieved by increasing the
substrate- example Sulfa Drug
Larger Km Vmax Unchanged
What is a uncompetitive inhibition plot? - ANSWER binds only to ES
complex, lower vmax, lower km
Can't be overcome by more substrate
What are Lectins and what do they bind? - ANSWER lectins are
proteins that bind carbohydrates or sugars
In sickle-cell anemia amino acid ___GLU___ is mutated into _?____ -
ANSWER VAL
Glu mutated into VAL causes ? - ANSWER Sickle-cell anemia
Why do we have an optimum pH? - ANSWER • Because there are 5
ionizable amino acids
HISTIDINE, ASPARTATE, GLUTAMATE, LYSINE, ARGININE
, Hemoglobin with the proximal histadine mutated to glycine can bind
oxygen when supplied with imidazole. Draw the oxygen-binding curve -
ANSWER (Has to be hyperbolic) - PROX. HIS can be replaced by
Glycine
NOT SIGMOIDAL
In hemoglobin what happens to the heme upon binding to oxygen? -
ANSWER • Heme flattens upon being to oxygen
or Fe becomes smaller and goes into plane of heme
What does hemagglutinin bind to on the surface of host cells?
Hemmagglutinin is on surface of influenze - ANSWER • Binds to sialic
acid (sugar) that has a COO- group which makes it acidic
Explain how anomers are formed? - ANSWER • Linear→ Cyclic form
forms new chiral center (cyclization of sugars)
Example of epimers? - ANSWER Glucose and mannose- differ in only 1
chiral carbon
Both cellulose and starch are polysaccharides of glucose.
Why is cellulose strong and hard where starch is crumbly - ANSWER •
Cellulose is not branched and has extensive hydrogen bonding, linear
polymer that packs into sheets- makes it rigid and strong
• Starch is a branched polymer of glucose-poor packing
What are the monosaccharide's of sucrose? - ANSWER fructose and
glucose
What are the monosaccharide's of mannose? - ANSWER Glucose and
glucose
What are the monosaccharide's of lactose? - ANSWER Galactose +
glucose
Why is triacylglycerol a more efficient storage form of energy compared
to glycogen? - ANSWER Triacylglycerol is nonpolar or hydrophobic and
excludes water doesn't absorb it thus lighter more energy per weight-
more efficient
• Glycogen absorbs water is heavier because of water less energy per
weight
Draw A double-reciprocal plot for a noncompetitive inhibition
Indicate which line is with and without inhibitor - ANSWER Lower Vmax
Km unchanged
Can't be overcome by increasing substrate concentration
What is a competitive inhibition plot defined and look like? - ANSWER
inhibitor binds where substrate binds, can be relieved by increasing the
substrate- example Sulfa Drug
Larger Km Vmax Unchanged
What is a uncompetitive inhibition plot? - ANSWER binds only to ES
complex, lower vmax, lower km
Can't be overcome by more substrate
What are Lectins and what do they bind? - ANSWER lectins are
proteins that bind carbohydrates or sugars
In sickle-cell anemia amino acid ___GLU___ is mutated into _?____ -
ANSWER VAL
Glu mutated into VAL causes ? - ANSWER Sickle-cell anemia
Why do we have an optimum pH? - ANSWER • Because there are 5
ionizable amino acids
HISTIDINE, ASPARTATE, GLUTAMATE, LYSINE, ARGININE
, Hemoglobin with the proximal histadine mutated to glycine can bind
oxygen when supplied with imidazole. Draw the oxygen-binding curve -
ANSWER (Has to be hyperbolic) - PROX. HIS can be replaced by
Glycine
NOT SIGMOIDAL
In hemoglobin what happens to the heme upon binding to oxygen? -
ANSWER • Heme flattens upon being to oxygen
or Fe becomes smaller and goes into plane of heme
What does hemagglutinin bind to on the surface of host cells?
Hemmagglutinin is on surface of influenze - ANSWER • Binds to sialic
acid (sugar) that has a COO- group which makes it acidic
Explain how anomers are formed? - ANSWER • Linear→ Cyclic form
forms new chiral center (cyclization of sugars)
Example of epimers? - ANSWER Glucose and mannose- differ in only 1
chiral carbon
Both cellulose and starch are polysaccharides of glucose.
Why is cellulose strong and hard where starch is crumbly - ANSWER •
Cellulose is not branched and has extensive hydrogen bonding, linear
polymer that packs into sheets- makes it rigid and strong
• Starch is a branched polymer of glucose-poor packing
What are the monosaccharide's of sucrose? - ANSWER fructose and
glucose
What are the monosaccharide's of mannose? - ANSWER Glucose and
glucose
What are the monosaccharide's of lactose? - ANSWER Galactose +
glucose
