KU BIOL 600 EXAM 4 BIOCHEM REVIEW
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
This 5-carbon organic molecule is a synthetic precursor to cholesterol and
rubber:
Isoprene
What is the name of the linear molecule that cyclizes to form cholesterol?
Squalene
Committed step in cholesterol synthesis is the formation of ______ by ______
(enzyme). This enzyme is regulated by this protein modification: _____ , and its
rate of translation is controlled by _____ and _____.
Mevalonate
HMG-CoA reductase
phosphorylation
mevalonate
dietary cholesterol
Increase in the concentration of cholesterol results in the _____ of HMG-CoA
reductase.
proteolytic degradation
The biosynthesis of cholesterol occurs in the _____ and is regulated by this
transcription factor, _____, or (full name) __________.
Liver
SREBP
Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein
These proteins, _____, transport cholesterol and fatty acids in the blood plasma.
Cholesterol enters cell by this process, _____.
,Lipoproteins
Endocytosis
_____ is the major carrier of cholesterol in the blood for delivery to peripheral
tissues; and an excess of this results in build up of plaques in arteries, leading to
_____.
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
Atherosclerosis
What carries cholesterol released in the blood back to the liver?
High-density Lipoproteins (HDL)
These drugs ___, lower cholesterol by inhibiting this enzyme _____.
Statins
HMG- CoA reductase
These molecules derived from cholesterol are detergents that aid in the
digestion of lipids: _______. Give an example:
Bile Salts
Cholate
Name a vitamin derived from cholesterol, which requires sunlight to be
functional:
Vitamin D
Name some functions of this steroid hormone derived from cholesterol:
progesterone
Prepares the uterus for implantation
supports pregnancy
Name some functions of this steroid hormone derived from cholesterol:
Testosterone
Promotes the development of male sexual behavior and lean muscle mass
Name some functions of this steroid hormone derived from cholesterol:
Estrogen
Promotes the developments of female sex characteristics
, What is the enzyme involved in the digestion of fats?
Lipase
What are the enzymes involved in the digestion of proteins? (3)
trypsin
chymotrypsin
pepsin
What is the enzyme involved in the digestion of starch?
elastase
In amino acid degradation, the amino group is transferred by _____ (enzyme)
into _____ (substrate) to form this amino acid, _____.
aminotransferase
a-ketoglutarate
glutamate
In terrestrial vertebrates, the ultimate fate of NH4+ is the formation of _____.
urea
Fish excrete NH4+ as
ammonia (NH3)
Birds excrete nitrogen as
uric acid
The enzyme that releases NH4+ from glutamate is _____, and this enzyme
requires this cofactor: ___
glutamate dehydrogenase
NADH or NADPH
During prolonged exercise or fasting, _____-chain amino acids in muscles are
used as fuel. The nitrogen of these amino acids is combined with _____ to form
_____, which is transported in the blood, to generate ______ (2, or) in the liver.
branched
pyruvate
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
This 5-carbon organic molecule is a synthetic precursor to cholesterol and
rubber:
Isoprene
What is the name of the linear molecule that cyclizes to form cholesterol?
Squalene
Committed step in cholesterol synthesis is the formation of ______ by ______
(enzyme). This enzyme is regulated by this protein modification: _____ , and its
rate of translation is controlled by _____ and _____.
Mevalonate
HMG-CoA reductase
phosphorylation
mevalonate
dietary cholesterol
Increase in the concentration of cholesterol results in the _____ of HMG-CoA
reductase.
proteolytic degradation
The biosynthesis of cholesterol occurs in the _____ and is regulated by this
transcription factor, _____, or (full name) __________.
Liver
SREBP
Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein
These proteins, _____, transport cholesterol and fatty acids in the blood plasma.
Cholesterol enters cell by this process, _____.
,Lipoproteins
Endocytosis
_____ is the major carrier of cholesterol in the blood for delivery to peripheral
tissues; and an excess of this results in build up of plaques in arteries, leading to
_____.
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
Atherosclerosis
What carries cholesterol released in the blood back to the liver?
High-density Lipoproteins (HDL)
These drugs ___, lower cholesterol by inhibiting this enzyme _____.
Statins
HMG- CoA reductase
These molecules derived from cholesterol are detergents that aid in the
digestion of lipids: _______. Give an example:
Bile Salts
Cholate
Name a vitamin derived from cholesterol, which requires sunlight to be
functional:
Vitamin D
Name some functions of this steroid hormone derived from cholesterol:
progesterone
Prepares the uterus for implantation
supports pregnancy
Name some functions of this steroid hormone derived from cholesterol:
Testosterone
Promotes the development of male sexual behavior and lean muscle mass
Name some functions of this steroid hormone derived from cholesterol:
Estrogen
Promotes the developments of female sex characteristics
, What is the enzyme involved in the digestion of fats?
Lipase
What are the enzymes involved in the digestion of proteins? (3)
trypsin
chymotrypsin
pepsin
What is the enzyme involved in the digestion of starch?
elastase
In amino acid degradation, the amino group is transferred by _____ (enzyme)
into _____ (substrate) to form this amino acid, _____.
aminotransferase
a-ketoglutarate
glutamate
In terrestrial vertebrates, the ultimate fate of NH4+ is the formation of _____.
urea
Fish excrete NH4+ as
ammonia (NH3)
Birds excrete nitrogen as
uric acid
The enzyme that releases NH4+ from glutamate is _____, and this enzyme
requires this cofactor: ___
glutamate dehydrogenase
NADH or NADPH
During prolonged exercise or fasting, _____-chain amino acids in muscles are
used as fuel. The nitrogen of these amino acids is combined with _____ to form
_____, which is transported in the blood, to generate ______ (2, or) in the liver.
branched
pyruvate
