BIOLOGY 109 - FINAL EXAM REVIEW
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
In the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA is synthesized from a template at
temperatures (t) sufficiently high to dissociate double-stranded DNA into single
strands (t > than 70° C). To find a DNA polymerase (the enzyme that functions to
carry out DNA synthesis) that would be optimally suited for carrying out PCR you
might logically begin your search with the...
- extreme halophiles
- chemoautotrophs
- extreme thermophiles
- methanogens
- Gram negative bacteria - ANSWER-- extreme thermophiles
Many physicians administer antibiotics to patients at the first sign of any disease
symptoms. Why can this practice present more problems for these patients and for
others not yet infected?
- The antibiotic may kill bacteriophages that keep the bacteria in check.
- Overuse of antibiotics can select for antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria.
- Antibiotics may interfere with the ability to identify the bacteria present.
- Particular patients may be allergic to the antibiotic.
- Antibiotics may cause other side effects in patients. - ANSWER-- Overuse of
antibiotics can select for antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria.
Which of the following statements concerning protists is false?
- Protists along with plants, animals and fungi are eukaryotes.
- Most protists are unicellular.
- At the cellular level protists are highly complex.
- Like prokaryotes, protists lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
- All of the above are true statements. - ANSWER-- Like prokaryotes, protists lack a
nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
Which of the following is an example of symbiotic mutualism?
- two paramecia exchanging genetic material
- the diplomonad Giardia reproducing in a human intestine
- the parabasalid T.vaginalis feeding on the vaginal lining of its human host
- a zooflagellate digesting food in a termite's intestine
- none of the above - ANSWER-- a zooflagellate digesting food in a termite's
intestine
This human disease does not involve kinetoplastids.
- Chagas Disease
- African Sleeping Sickness
- Leishmaniasis
- Malaria
- All of the above diseases involve kinetoplastids. - ANSWER-- Malaria
,Which of the following statements concerning malaria or the malaria parasite is
false?
- The parasite that causes malaria is an apicoplexan.
- The definitive malarial host is the tsetse fly.
- Malaria involves both human liver and blood cells.
- The diploid stage of the malaria parasite is restricted to the definitive host.
- All of the above are true statements. - ANSWER-- The definitive malarial host is the
tsetse fly.
Which of the following statements concerning fungi is true?
- Some fungal species live as decomposers and others as symbionts.
- Cellulose is the primary component of the cell wall of most fungi.
- Fungal hyphae are made up of small diameter-mycelia that form an interwoven
mass.
- All fungi are autotrophs.
- In fungi with septate hyphae, the septa prevent the flow of nutrients from cell to cell.
- ANSWER-- Some fungal species live as decomposers and others as symbionts.
What is the primary role of a mushroom's underground mycelium?
- asexual reproduction
- anchoring
- sexual reproduction
- absorbing nutrients
- protection - ANSWER-- absorbing nutrients
Which of the following phyla do not have blind-sac body plans (a gastrovascular
cavity with a single opening)?
- Annelida (polychaete worms, earth worms, leeches)
- Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
- Ctenophora (comb jellies)
- Cnidaria (anemones, hydroids, corals, jellyfish, etc)
- All of the above have blind-sac body plans - ANSWER-- Annelida (polychaete
worms, earth worms, leeches)
Which of the following is not an advantage of the arthropod exoskeleton?
- provides protection from predators
- provides rigid places for muscles to insert and against which they can do work
- enhances sensory perception
- prevents water loss
- all of the above are an advantage of an exoskeleton - ANSWER-- enhances
sensory perception
Pharyngeal slits appear to have functioned first as
- gill slits for respiration
- components of the jaw
- portions of the inner ear
- suspension-feeding devices
- the digestive system's opening - ANSWER-- suspension-feeding devices
,A derived character that distinguishes the chondrichthyans from other clades is the
presence of:
- a blastospore
- three germ layers
- a cartilaginous endoskeleton
- an alimentary canal - ANSWER-- a cartilaginous endoskeleton
Which of the following is not a true statement concerning the order Primata?
- first were small arboreal mammals
- traits were shaped by demands of living in trees
- consists of three main groupings, one of which is the Anthropoidea
- descended from insectivores late in Cretaceous
- all of the above are true statements - ANSWER-- all of the above are true
statements
Which of the following structures afford bacteria the ability to withstand unfavorable
conditions?
1. capsules
2. plasmids
3. flagella
4. fimbriae
5. endospores
- 3, 4 and 5
- 1, 4 and 5
- 2, 3 and 4
- 1, 3 and 5
- 1, 2 and 5 - ANSWER-- 1, 2 and 5
Which of the following statements about the bacterial cell wall is true?
- they are identical in molecular composition to the cell walls of fungi
- they all have a lipopolysaccharide layer
- they prevent cells from bursting in a hypotonic environment
- they prevent cells from undrgoing plasmolysis in a hypertonic environment
- All of the above are true statements. - ANSWER-- they prevent cells from bursting
in a hypotonic environment
During sexual reproduction in fungi, the haploid condition is reestablished by the
process of
- karyogamy
- plasmagomy
- mitosis
- meiosis
- none of the above - ANSWER-- meiosis
Members of this fungal phylum form arbuscular mycorrhhizae with the roots of
plants:
- Basidomycota
- Ascomycota
- Glomeromycota
, - Zygomycota
- Zygomycota - ANSWER-- Glomeromycota
Which of the following associations is not an example of symbiosis?
- nitrogen fixing bacteria in the root nodules of plants
- a lichen
- a saprobe that absorbs nutrients from non-living organic material
- mycorrhizae
- a tapeworm living in the intestine of a mammal - ANSWER-- a saprobe that
absorbs nutrients from non-living organic material
A graduate student finds an organism in a pond and thinks it is a freshwater sponge.
A postdoc thinks it looks more like an aquatic fungus. How can they decide whether
it is an animal or a fungus?
- Determine whether it is unicellular or multicellular.
- See if it is a eukaryote or prokaryote.
- Look for cell walls under a microscope.
- Figure out whether it is autotrophic or heterotrophic.
- See if it reproduces sexually. - ANSWER-- Look for cell walls under a microscope.
Which of the following is not considered a contributor to the explosive diversification
of animal body plans that occurred during the Cambrian period?
- emergence of predator-prey relationships
- changes in atmospheric O2 levels
- variation in expression of Hox genes
- formation of the supercontinent, Pangea
- All of the above were possible contributors to the Cambrian explosion. - ANSWER--
formation of the supercontinent, Pangea
At which developmental stage should one be able to first distinguish a diploblastic
embryo from a triploblastic embryo?
- cleavage
- fertilization
- gastrulation
- metamorphosis
- coelom formation - ANSWER-- gastrulation
Which of the following does not constitute a key evolutionary branch point in the
phylogenetic tree of animals?
- no true tissues vs. true tissues
- no body cavity vs. the presence of a body cavity
- radial symmetry vs. bilateral symmetry
- blastopore vs. no blastopore
- protostome vs. deuterostome development - ANSWER-- blastopore vs. no
blastopore
Which of the following combinations of phylum and description are incorrect?
- Porifera-coelomates, mouth from blastopore
- Nematoda-roundworms, pseudocoelomate
- Echinodermata- water vascular system, deuterostome
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
In the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA is synthesized from a template at
temperatures (t) sufficiently high to dissociate double-stranded DNA into single
strands (t > than 70° C). To find a DNA polymerase (the enzyme that functions to
carry out DNA synthesis) that would be optimally suited for carrying out PCR you
might logically begin your search with the...
- extreme halophiles
- chemoautotrophs
- extreme thermophiles
- methanogens
- Gram negative bacteria - ANSWER-- extreme thermophiles
Many physicians administer antibiotics to patients at the first sign of any disease
symptoms. Why can this practice present more problems for these patients and for
others not yet infected?
- The antibiotic may kill bacteriophages that keep the bacteria in check.
- Overuse of antibiotics can select for antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria.
- Antibiotics may interfere with the ability to identify the bacteria present.
- Particular patients may be allergic to the antibiotic.
- Antibiotics may cause other side effects in patients. - ANSWER-- Overuse of
antibiotics can select for antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria.
Which of the following statements concerning protists is false?
- Protists along with plants, animals and fungi are eukaryotes.
- Most protists are unicellular.
- At the cellular level protists are highly complex.
- Like prokaryotes, protists lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
- All of the above are true statements. - ANSWER-- Like prokaryotes, protists lack a
nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
Which of the following is an example of symbiotic mutualism?
- two paramecia exchanging genetic material
- the diplomonad Giardia reproducing in a human intestine
- the parabasalid T.vaginalis feeding on the vaginal lining of its human host
- a zooflagellate digesting food in a termite's intestine
- none of the above - ANSWER-- a zooflagellate digesting food in a termite's
intestine
This human disease does not involve kinetoplastids.
- Chagas Disease
- African Sleeping Sickness
- Leishmaniasis
- Malaria
- All of the above diseases involve kinetoplastids. - ANSWER-- Malaria
,Which of the following statements concerning malaria or the malaria parasite is
false?
- The parasite that causes malaria is an apicoplexan.
- The definitive malarial host is the tsetse fly.
- Malaria involves both human liver and blood cells.
- The diploid stage of the malaria parasite is restricted to the definitive host.
- All of the above are true statements. - ANSWER-- The definitive malarial host is the
tsetse fly.
Which of the following statements concerning fungi is true?
- Some fungal species live as decomposers and others as symbionts.
- Cellulose is the primary component of the cell wall of most fungi.
- Fungal hyphae are made up of small diameter-mycelia that form an interwoven
mass.
- All fungi are autotrophs.
- In fungi with septate hyphae, the septa prevent the flow of nutrients from cell to cell.
- ANSWER-- Some fungal species live as decomposers and others as symbionts.
What is the primary role of a mushroom's underground mycelium?
- asexual reproduction
- anchoring
- sexual reproduction
- absorbing nutrients
- protection - ANSWER-- absorbing nutrients
Which of the following phyla do not have blind-sac body plans (a gastrovascular
cavity with a single opening)?
- Annelida (polychaete worms, earth worms, leeches)
- Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
- Ctenophora (comb jellies)
- Cnidaria (anemones, hydroids, corals, jellyfish, etc)
- All of the above have blind-sac body plans - ANSWER-- Annelida (polychaete
worms, earth worms, leeches)
Which of the following is not an advantage of the arthropod exoskeleton?
- provides protection from predators
- provides rigid places for muscles to insert and against which they can do work
- enhances sensory perception
- prevents water loss
- all of the above are an advantage of an exoskeleton - ANSWER-- enhances
sensory perception
Pharyngeal slits appear to have functioned first as
- gill slits for respiration
- components of the jaw
- portions of the inner ear
- suspension-feeding devices
- the digestive system's opening - ANSWER-- suspension-feeding devices
,A derived character that distinguishes the chondrichthyans from other clades is the
presence of:
- a blastospore
- three germ layers
- a cartilaginous endoskeleton
- an alimentary canal - ANSWER-- a cartilaginous endoskeleton
Which of the following is not a true statement concerning the order Primata?
- first were small arboreal mammals
- traits were shaped by demands of living in trees
- consists of three main groupings, one of which is the Anthropoidea
- descended from insectivores late in Cretaceous
- all of the above are true statements - ANSWER-- all of the above are true
statements
Which of the following structures afford bacteria the ability to withstand unfavorable
conditions?
1. capsules
2. plasmids
3. flagella
4. fimbriae
5. endospores
- 3, 4 and 5
- 1, 4 and 5
- 2, 3 and 4
- 1, 3 and 5
- 1, 2 and 5 - ANSWER-- 1, 2 and 5
Which of the following statements about the bacterial cell wall is true?
- they are identical in molecular composition to the cell walls of fungi
- they all have a lipopolysaccharide layer
- they prevent cells from bursting in a hypotonic environment
- they prevent cells from undrgoing plasmolysis in a hypertonic environment
- All of the above are true statements. - ANSWER-- they prevent cells from bursting
in a hypotonic environment
During sexual reproduction in fungi, the haploid condition is reestablished by the
process of
- karyogamy
- plasmagomy
- mitosis
- meiosis
- none of the above - ANSWER-- meiosis
Members of this fungal phylum form arbuscular mycorrhhizae with the roots of
plants:
- Basidomycota
- Ascomycota
- Glomeromycota
, - Zygomycota
- Zygomycota - ANSWER-- Glomeromycota
Which of the following associations is not an example of symbiosis?
- nitrogen fixing bacteria in the root nodules of plants
- a lichen
- a saprobe that absorbs nutrients from non-living organic material
- mycorrhizae
- a tapeworm living in the intestine of a mammal - ANSWER-- a saprobe that
absorbs nutrients from non-living organic material
A graduate student finds an organism in a pond and thinks it is a freshwater sponge.
A postdoc thinks it looks more like an aquatic fungus. How can they decide whether
it is an animal or a fungus?
- Determine whether it is unicellular or multicellular.
- See if it is a eukaryote or prokaryote.
- Look for cell walls under a microscope.
- Figure out whether it is autotrophic or heterotrophic.
- See if it reproduces sexually. - ANSWER-- Look for cell walls under a microscope.
Which of the following is not considered a contributor to the explosive diversification
of animal body plans that occurred during the Cambrian period?
- emergence of predator-prey relationships
- changes in atmospheric O2 levels
- variation in expression of Hox genes
- formation of the supercontinent, Pangea
- All of the above were possible contributors to the Cambrian explosion. - ANSWER--
formation of the supercontinent, Pangea
At which developmental stage should one be able to first distinguish a diploblastic
embryo from a triploblastic embryo?
- cleavage
- fertilization
- gastrulation
- metamorphosis
- coelom formation - ANSWER-- gastrulation
Which of the following does not constitute a key evolutionary branch point in the
phylogenetic tree of animals?
- no true tissues vs. true tissues
- no body cavity vs. the presence of a body cavity
- radial symmetry vs. bilateral symmetry
- blastopore vs. no blastopore
- protostome vs. deuterostome development - ANSWER-- blastopore vs. no
blastopore
Which of the following combinations of phylum and description are incorrect?
- Porifera-coelomates, mouth from blastopore
- Nematoda-roundworms, pseudocoelomate
- Echinodermata- water vascular system, deuterostome
