Nsg 121 Full Detailed Exam 1 2025

4 goals of nursing - -- to promote health - to prevent illness - to treat human responses to health or illness - to advocate for the population Nursing process - -- assessment - diagnosis - outcome identification/planning - implementation - evaluation Nursing values - - - respect - unity - diversity - integrity - excellence Purpose of health assessment - -gather information about the health status of the patient, analyzing and synthesizing data, making judgments about nursing interventions based on the findings, and evaluating patient care outcomes Interventions promoting healthy change - -- primary: aimed at preventing injury or illness - secondary: aimed at early diagnosis, prompt treatment - tertiary: aimed at preventing complications of an existing disease Primary prevention examples - -- vaccinations - car seats - seatbelts - safe sex - nutrition counseling Secondary prevention examples - -- vision screening - hearing screening - pap smear - mammogram - tb skin test Tertiary prevention examples - -- physical therapy - exercise program - diet teaching NSG 121 NSG 121 NSG 121 - medication True/false: a health assessment includes both a health history and a physical examination. - -true 7 step process of diagnostic reasoning in health assessment - -- identify abnormal data - cluster the data - draw inferences - propose nursing diagnoses - check for presence of defining characteristics - confirm or rule out nursing diagnoses - document conclusions Types of assessment - - - emergency - life-threatening or unstable situation (abcde) - comprehensive - complete history and physical - focused - smaller scope, more in depth problem-based What are abcdes of assessment? - -airway Breathing Circulation Disability (level of consciousness) Exposure (expose all skin) 3 health assessment frameworks - -- functional assessment - functional patterns, subjective data - head-to-toe assessment - most organized, objective data - body system approach - clusters data to identify issues Which physical assessment framework promotes critical thinking? - -body systems approach Forms of communication - -- verbal: words (spoken and written, laughing) - nonverbal: body language (touch, eye contact, facial expression) - electronic: email, social media, text messages Components of communication - -- sender - receiver - understanding - perception - culture - noise (distraction) Therapeutic communication - -verbal and nonverbal communication techniques that encourage patients to express their feelings and to achieve a positive relationship. NSG 121 NSG 121 Empathy - -ability to perceive, reason, and communicate understanding of other's feelings Self-concept - -awareness of own biases, values, personality, and communication style Non-verbal communication skills - -- physical appearance - facial expression - posture - positioning - gestures - eye contact - tone of voice Verbal communication skills - -- active listening (hearing and interpreting what is said) - restatement (simple statement using patient's own words) - reflection (summarizes main themes) - elaboration (encourages patient to move completely describe) - silence (allows patient to proceed at their own pace) - focusing (keeps conversation on track) - clarification (understanding of patient's comments) - summarizing (condenses information to 2-3 most important items) Non-therapeutic responses - -- false reassurance - sympathy - unwanted advice - biased questions - change of subject - distractions - overwhelming language - interrupting Horizontal/lateral violence - -- peer-to-peer disruption - anger, aggressive behavior between nurses - can be verbal, non-verbal, body language, or physical - ex: eye rolling, spreading rumors, humiliation, withholding information, gossiping Phases of the interview process - -- pre-interaction: before meeting the patient - beginning: introduction, establish reason for visit - working: collect data - closing: summarize 2-3 problems Data sources for health history - -- primary: patient - secondary: anything/anyone other than the patient Oldcarts for history of present illness - -onset Location NSG 121 NSG 121 Duration Character Aggravating/alleviating factors Radiation Timing Severity Safety precautions to prevent infection - -- hand hygiene - gloves - standard precautions - latex allergy - skin reactions Order of physical assessment except for abdomen - -- inspection - palpation - percussion - auscultation Order of physical assessment for the abdomen - -- inspection - auscultation - percussion - palpation Light palpation - -1 cm (appropriate for surface