PTA 1010 –EXAM 4 QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS.
What is the definition of Ventilation?
This is the movement of air in and out of the lungs.
What is respiration?
process of gas exchange
Where does the respiratory system start?
nose and mouth
What is the track of the respiratory system?
nose and mouth
terminates in the lungs
divides into the upper and lower tracts
upper tract: nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx
lower tract: trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs
What does the thoracic cage consist of?
thoracic vertebrae, sternum, ribs, costal cartilage
What is the thoracic cage function?
to provide bony protection for the lungs and heart and bony attachment for muscles of ventilation
What are the mechanics of ventilation?
pressure and space
Define pressure (intrathoracic pressure)
air flows from higher pressure area to lower pressure area until pressure is equalized
Define space (intrathoracic volume)
As space increases in the thoracic cavity, pressure inside decreases (and the opposite is true)
, The diaphragm is __________ of ventilatory effort.
60-80%
The diaphragm is innervated by what nerve?
phrenic nerve (C3,4,5)
What is the function of the internal and external intercostals?
Pull the ribs during the phases of ventilation
What happens to the intercostals during exhalation?
pull the upper rib down
What happens to the intercostals during inhalation?
pull the lower rib up and out
What happens to the rib cage during exhalation?
moves down and in
What happens to the rib cage during inhalation?
Moves up and out
What is the mechanical analogy of bucket handle?
changes space medial/lateral
what is the mechanical analogy of pump handle?
Rotation of rib around costovertebral and costotransverse junctions. leads elevation of rib;
changes space anterior/posterior
Define quiet inspiration
spontaneous contraction of diaphragm and external intercostals
What happens to the thoracic space during quiet inspiration?
CORRECT ANSWERS.
What is the definition of Ventilation?
This is the movement of air in and out of the lungs.
What is respiration?
process of gas exchange
Where does the respiratory system start?
nose and mouth
What is the track of the respiratory system?
nose and mouth
terminates in the lungs
divides into the upper and lower tracts
upper tract: nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx
lower tract: trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs
What does the thoracic cage consist of?
thoracic vertebrae, sternum, ribs, costal cartilage
What is the thoracic cage function?
to provide bony protection for the lungs and heart and bony attachment for muscles of ventilation
What are the mechanics of ventilation?
pressure and space
Define pressure (intrathoracic pressure)
air flows from higher pressure area to lower pressure area until pressure is equalized
Define space (intrathoracic volume)
As space increases in the thoracic cavity, pressure inside decreases (and the opposite is true)
, The diaphragm is __________ of ventilatory effort.
60-80%
The diaphragm is innervated by what nerve?
phrenic nerve (C3,4,5)
What is the function of the internal and external intercostals?
Pull the ribs during the phases of ventilation
What happens to the intercostals during exhalation?
pull the upper rib down
What happens to the intercostals during inhalation?
pull the lower rib up and out
What happens to the rib cage during exhalation?
moves down and in
What happens to the rib cage during inhalation?
Moves up and out
What is the mechanical analogy of bucket handle?
changes space medial/lateral
what is the mechanical analogy of pump handle?
Rotation of rib around costovertebral and costotransverse junctions. leads elevation of rib;
changes space anterior/posterior
Define quiet inspiration
spontaneous contraction of diaphragm and external intercostals
What happens to the thoracic space during quiet inspiration?
