Pediatrics Unit 3 UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORECT Answers
Malformations that occur during the prenatal period and are present at birth. - CORRECT
ANSWER Congenital anomalies
These defects result from failure of the maxillary and premaxillary processes to fuse during the
5th to 8th week of intrauterine life. - CORRECT ANSWER Cleft lip and palate
Involving one side of something - CORRECT ANSWER Unilateral
Involving both sides of something - CORRECT ANSWER Bilateral
How should the postoperative infant who has had surgical repair of cleft lip or palate be
positioned? Why? - CORRECT ANSWER On the side, never on the abdomen; to facilitate
drainage of mucus and secretions
The absence of a normal body opening or the abnormal closure of a body passage. - CORRECT
ANSWER Atresia
This results from the membrane between the rectum an anus continuing to exist, blocking the
union between the two. - CORRECT ANSWER Imperforate Anus
If the newborn does not pass a meconium stool within __________ hours, the physician should
be notified. - CORRECT ANSWER 24
Abnormal protrusion of a part of an organ through a weak spot or other abnormal opening in a
body wall. - CORRECT ANSWER Hernia
, Congenital anomaly where some of the abdominal contents protrude through into the root of the
umbilical cord and form a sac lying on the abdomen. - CORRECT ANSWER Omphalocele
Failure of the posterior laminae of the vertebrae to close, leaving an opening through which the
spinal meninges and spinal cord may protrude. - CORRECT ANSWER Spina Bifida
Elevated maternal alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels may indicate ___________. - CORRECT
ANSWER neural tube defects
Part of the spinal meninges protrudes through the bony defect and forms a cystic sac. No nerve
roots involved (no paralysis) but sac may rupture or perforate (infection/meningitis). -
CORRECT ANSWER Spina Bifida with Meningocele
Protrusion of the spinal cord and the meninges, with nerve roots embedded in the wall of the
cyst. Varying severity (partial/full paralysis below lesion). - CORRECT ANSWER Spina
Bifida with Myelomeningocele
Talipes equinovarus - CORRECT ANSWER Clubfoot (often occurs with spina bifida)
Hip dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWER Dislocation of the hips (often occurs with spina bifida)
Condition characterized by an excess of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricular and
subarachnoid spaces of the cranial cavity. - CORRECT ANSWER Hydrocephalus
Type of hydrocephalus where an obstruction occurs in the free circulation of CSF, causing
increased pressure on the brain or spinal cord. - CORRECT ANSWER Noncommunicating
(most common type)
Type of hydrocephalus without an obstruction in the free circulation of CSF but is instead caused
by defective absorption of CSF, causing increased pressure on the brain or spinal cord. -
CORRECT ANSWER Communicating
Exam Questions and CORECT Answers
Malformations that occur during the prenatal period and are present at birth. - CORRECT
ANSWER Congenital anomalies
These defects result from failure of the maxillary and premaxillary processes to fuse during the
5th to 8th week of intrauterine life. - CORRECT ANSWER Cleft lip and palate
Involving one side of something - CORRECT ANSWER Unilateral
Involving both sides of something - CORRECT ANSWER Bilateral
How should the postoperative infant who has had surgical repair of cleft lip or palate be
positioned? Why? - CORRECT ANSWER On the side, never on the abdomen; to facilitate
drainage of mucus and secretions
The absence of a normal body opening or the abnormal closure of a body passage. - CORRECT
ANSWER Atresia
This results from the membrane between the rectum an anus continuing to exist, blocking the
union between the two. - CORRECT ANSWER Imperforate Anus
If the newborn does not pass a meconium stool within __________ hours, the physician should
be notified. - CORRECT ANSWER 24
Abnormal protrusion of a part of an organ through a weak spot or other abnormal opening in a
body wall. - CORRECT ANSWER Hernia
, Congenital anomaly where some of the abdominal contents protrude through into the root of the
umbilical cord and form a sac lying on the abdomen. - CORRECT ANSWER Omphalocele
Failure of the posterior laminae of the vertebrae to close, leaving an opening through which the
spinal meninges and spinal cord may protrude. - CORRECT ANSWER Spina Bifida
Elevated maternal alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels may indicate ___________. - CORRECT
ANSWER neural tube defects
Part of the spinal meninges protrudes through the bony defect and forms a cystic sac. No nerve
roots involved (no paralysis) but sac may rupture or perforate (infection/meningitis). -
CORRECT ANSWER Spina Bifida with Meningocele
Protrusion of the spinal cord and the meninges, with nerve roots embedded in the wall of the
cyst. Varying severity (partial/full paralysis below lesion). - CORRECT ANSWER Spina
Bifida with Myelomeningocele
Talipes equinovarus - CORRECT ANSWER Clubfoot (often occurs with spina bifida)
Hip dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWER Dislocation of the hips (often occurs with spina bifida)
Condition characterized by an excess of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricular and
subarachnoid spaces of the cranial cavity. - CORRECT ANSWER Hydrocephalus
Type of hydrocephalus where an obstruction occurs in the free circulation of CSF, causing
increased pressure on the brain or spinal cord. - CORRECT ANSWER Noncommunicating
(most common type)
Type of hydrocephalus without an obstruction in the free circulation of CSF but is instead caused
by defective absorption of CSF, causing increased pressure on the brain or spinal cord. -
CORRECT ANSWER Communicating
