NR-503 UPDATED Exam Questions and
CORECT Answers
The nurse practitioner is reviewing a recent study that utilizes analytic epidemiology by means of
a cohort study design. The cohort study design informs the practitioner about which of the
following - CORRECT ANSWER - Outcomes that develop from an exposure
A group of providers have implemented population-based intervention and are now assessing the
efficacy of the intervention. Which of the following would be an example of a population based
outcome? - CORRECT ANSWER - Decreased mortality rate compared to previous year
Appraisal of research publications is critical as providers assess for relevance to population
health. Which of the following items should be considered during the appraisal process? Select
all that apply. - CORRECT ANSWER - Outcome measure, Transparency, Internal
Validity
What is being compared in a cohort study design? - CORRECT ANSWER - The incidence
of a disease between exposed and non-exposed individuals
Analytic epidemiology is best described as: - CORRECT ANSWER - Studies that
investigate origins and casuals' factors of health-related events
You are part of a research group investigating association between exposure and disease. Which
study design is a best fit for this type of study: - CORRECT ANSWER - Case-Control
Study
The provider is concerned about what appears to be an increase in the mortality rate for their
community. Mortality is an example of which of the following: - CORRECT ANSWER -
Vital statistic
An example of a tertiary prevention measure for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is: -
CORRECT ANSWER - Pulmonary Rehabilitation
,Which of the following statements best describe efficacy? - CORRECT ANSWER - It is
an estimate of the benefit of treatment under ideal conditions
It is an estimate of the reduction of disease in treated groups
A study is conducted for a pharmaceutical agent that has shown promise for reducing heart
disease among women. In order to more fully test the agent, an additional study is done
restricting the participants to be randomized to those who have a history of hypertension. Which
of the following advantages cannot be claimed by the researchers? - CORRECT
ANSWER - The generalizability of the study is increased
What is the main advantage of the randomization of the 168 study participants to one of the two
drug treatment groups? - CORRECT ANSWER - Reduces selection bias
After entry into the study, patients were first classified into three groups, those who had a
previous AMI, those with a first AMI who were at high risk for other cardiovascular diseases
such as congestive heart failure, and those with a first AMI who were at low risk for other
cardiovascular diseases. Which term best describes the study design? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Randomized clinical trial with stratified randomization
After assignment to treatment group, 77% of those in the placebo group were men, while 80% of
those in the drug X group were men. Which statement is most likely to be true? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Randomization was successful since the investigators did not alter the
selection of participants in either group in order to ensure equal percentages of men
A preliminary analysis was conducted after 6 months and found that 87% of participants in the
placebo group and 85% of those in the drug X group had taken more than 90% of their
prescribed dosages. Which statement best describes this finding? - CORRECT ANSWER -
The characteristics of patients who failed to comply with the treatment dosages should be
assessed as they may differ from those who complied
Which of the following statements best describes the reason for conducting the study as a
double-blind trial? - CORRECT ANSWER - Double blinding ensures that potential biases
regarding selection, follow-up, and analysis can be reduced
, The following data come from a study of approaches to smoking cessation. Smokers who want to
quit were randomized to one of four groups: control ..... brochures and a monthly phone call
from a counselor. Participants received mailed surveys at 8, 16, and 24 months after
randomization. The results after 2 years are in the table below. Which group had the least success
in terms of quitting smoking? - CORRECT ANSWER - Group QS
The following data come from a study of approaches to smoking cessation. Smokers who want to
quit were randomized to one of four groups: control group C who received no intervention
assistance, quitting guide group Q who received brochures about how to quit smoking, quitting
guide and support group QS who received quitting brochures as well as social support brochures
listing benefits of smoking cessation, and telephone support group T who received the brochures
and a monthly phone call from a counselor. Participants received mailed surveys at 8, 16, and 24
months after randomization. The results after 2 years are in the table below. What is the main
purpose of randomization in this study? - CORRECT ANSWER - To avoid assigning
more persons who have tried and failed to quit in the past to the control group
Test A has a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 90%. Test B has a sensitivity of 80% and a
specificity of 98%. In a community of 10,000 people with 5% prevalence of the disease, Test A
has always been given before Test B. What is the best reason for changing the order of the tests?
- CORRECT ANSWER - The total number of false positives found by both tests is
decreased if Test B is given first
This table represents the results of coronary magnetic resonance (CMR) angiography compared
to x-ray angiography (the gold standard in diagnosis of coronary artery disease) in a high-risk
population of patients scheduled to undergo x-ray angiography for suspected coronary artery
disease.After reviewing the results of the test comparison, an epidemiologist decides that the
specificity of the test is too low. Using the same CMR images, he raises the cutoff value for a
positive test to increase the specificity. What is the likely effect on the sensitivity? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Sensitivity will decrease
In comparing the mammography readings of two technicians who evaluated the same set of 600
mammograms for presence of breast cancer from a generally representative sample of women
from the population - CORRECT ANSWER - Overall percent agreement calculated for
both readers may conceal significant disagreements regarding positive tests
CORECT Answers
The nurse practitioner is reviewing a recent study that utilizes analytic epidemiology by means of
a cohort study design. The cohort study design informs the practitioner about which of the
following - CORRECT ANSWER - Outcomes that develop from an exposure
A group of providers have implemented population-based intervention and are now assessing the
efficacy of the intervention. Which of the following would be an example of a population based
outcome? - CORRECT ANSWER - Decreased mortality rate compared to previous year
Appraisal of research publications is critical as providers assess for relevance to population
health. Which of the following items should be considered during the appraisal process? Select
all that apply. - CORRECT ANSWER - Outcome measure, Transparency, Internal
Validity
What is being compared in a cohort study design? - CORRECT ANSWER - The incidence
of a disease between exposed and non-exposed individuals
Analytic epidemiology is best described as: - CORRECT ANSWER - Studies that
investigate origins and casuals' factors of health-related events
You are part of a research group investigating association between exposure and disease. Which
study design is a best fit for this type of study: - CORRECT ANSWER - Case-Control
Study
The provider is concerned about what appears to be an increase in the mortality rate for their
community. Mortality is an example of which of the following: - CORRECT ANSWER -
Vital statistic
An example of a tertiary prevention measure for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is: -
CORRECT ANSWER - Pulmonary Rehabilitation
,Which of the following statements best describe efficacy? - CORRECT ANSWER - It is
an estimate of the benefit of treatment under ideal conditions
It is an estimate of the reduction of disease in treated groups
A study is conducted for a pharmaceutical agent that has shown promise for reducing heart
disease among women. In order to more fully test the agent, an additional study is done
restricting the participants to be randomized to those who have a history of hypertension. Which
of the following advantages cannot be claimed by the researchers? - CORRECT
ANSWER - The generalizability of the study is increased
What is the main advantage of the randomization of the 168 study participants to one of the two
drug treatment groups? - CORRECT ANSWER - Reduces selection bias
After entry into the study, patients were first classified into three groups, those who had a
previous AMI, those with a first AMI who were at high risk for other cardiovascular diseases
such as congestive heart failure, and those with a first AMI who were at low risk for other
cardiovascular diseases. Which term best describes the study design? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Randomized clinical trial with stratified randomization
After assignment to treatment group, 77% of those in the placebo group were men, while 80% of
those in the drug X group were men. Which statement is most likely to be true? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Randomization was successful since the investigators did not alter the
selection of participants in either group in order to ensure equal percentages of men
A preliminary analysis was conducted after 6 months and found that 87% of participants in the
placebo group and 85% of those in the drug X group had taken more than 90% of their
prescribed dosages. Which statement best describes this finding? - CORRECT ANSWER -
The characteristics of patients who failed to comply with the treatment dosages should be
assessed as they may differ from those who complied
Which of the following statements best describes the reason for conducting the study as a
double-blind trial? - CORRECT ANSWER - Double blinding ensures that potential biases
regarding selection, follow-up, and analysis can be reduced
, The following data come from a study of approaches to smoking cessation. Smokers who want to
quit were randomized to one of four groups: control ..... brochures and a monthly phone call
from a counselor. Participants received mailed surveys at 8, 16, and 24 months after
randomization. The results after 2 years are in the table below. Which group had the least success
in terms of quitting smoking? - CORRECT ANSWER - Group QS
The following data come from a study of approaches to smoking cessation. Smokers who want to
quit were randomized to one of four groups: control group C who received no intervention
assistance, quitting guide group Q who received brochures about how to quit smoking, quitting
guide and support group QS who received quitting brochures as well as social support brochures
listing benefits of smoking cessation, and telephone support group T who received the brochures
and a monthly phone call from a counselor. Participants received mailed surveys at 8, 16, and 24
months after randomization. The results after 2 years are in the table below. What is the main
purpose of randomization in this study? - CORRECT ANSWER - To avoid assigning
more persons who have tried and failed to quit in the past to the control group
Test A has a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 90%. Test B has a sensitivity of 80% and a
specificity of 98%. In a community of 10,000 people with 5% prevalence of the disease, Test A
has always been given before Test B. What is the best reason for changing the order of the tests?
- CORRECT ANSWER - The total number of false positives found by both tests is
decreased if Test B is given first
This table represents the results of coronary magnetic resonance (CMR) angiography compared
to x-ray angiography (the gold standard in diagnosis of coronary artery disease) in a high-risk
population of patients scheduled to undergo x-ray angiography for suspected coronary artery
disease.After reviewing the results of the test comparison, an epidemiologist decides that the
specificity of the test is too low. Using the same CMR images, he raises the cutoff value for a
positive test to increase the specificity. What is the likely effect on the sensitivity? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Sensitivity will decrease
In comparing the mammography readings of two technicians who evaluated the same set of 600
mammograms for presence of breast cancer from a generally representative sample of women
from the population - CORRECT ANSWER - Overall percent agreement calculated for
both readers may conceal significant disagreements regarding positive tests
