D439 FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS!!
Ligaments, tendons, and cartilage
________________ support the skeletal system.
Ligaments
____________ are white, shiny, flexible bands of dense fibrous tissue that bind joints and
connect bones and cartilage. A _________ is one type of collagenous fiber that intertwines in
irregular, swirling arrangements to form thick connective tissue. _________ are predominantly
elastic fibers. Some __________ serve a protective function. For example, _____________
between the vertebral bodies and the ligamentum flavum prevent damage to the spinal
cord during movement of the back.
Tendons
________________ are glistening white fibrous bands of tissue that occur in various lengths and
thicknesses. ___________ connect muscle to bone and are strong, flexible, and inelastic.
Achilles tendon
The ____________ is the thickest and strongest tendon in the body. It begins near the
midposterior of the leg and attaches the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles in the calf to
the calcaneal bone in the back of the foot
Cartilage
___________ is nonvascular (without blood vessels), supporting connective tissue located
chiefly in the joints and the thorax, trachea, larynx, nose, and ear. It has the flexibility of a firm,
plastic material. __________ sustains weight and serves as a shock absorber between articulating
bones.
unossified
,Permanent cartilage is ___________ (not hardened), except in advanced age and diseases such as
osteoarthritis, which impairs mobility.
myosin and actin
Muscle fibers contract when stimulated by an electrochemical impulse that travels from the
nerve to the muscle across the neuromuscular junction. The electrochemical impulse causes the
filaments (predominantly protein molecules of _____________) within the fiber to slide past one
another, with the filaments changing length. Continued and efficient use of adenosine
triphosphate (ATP), the energy source for muscular contraction, requires glucose and
oxygen. Both nutrients reach the muscle fibers through vascular capillaries
600
There are more than _____________ skeletal muscles in the body.
one joint and attach to both articulating bones
Most of our muscles span at least _________________.
isotonic and isometric
There are two types of muscle contractions, _______________.
isotonic or dynamic contraction
An _______________ is mobilizing, causing the body to move
isometric contraction
an ______________ is stabilizing, causing the body to hold a stable position
concentric and eccentric
Isotonic contractions have two varieties, ____________.
concentric tension
2 types of isotonic contractions
, In _____________, increased muscle contraction causes muscle shortening, resulting in
movement, such as when a patient uses an overhead trapeze to pull up in bed.
Eccentric tension
2 types of isotonic contractions
_________________ causes lengthening of a muscle to control the speed and direction of
movement. For example, when using an overhead trapeze, a patient slowly lowers himself to the
bed.
active movement
Concentric and eccentric muscle actions are necessary for ____________.
Isometric contraction
_________________ (static contraction) causes an increase in muscle tension or muscle work
but no shortening or active movement of the muscle (e.g., instructing a patient to tighten
and relax a muscle group, as in quadriceps set exercises or pelvic floor exercises).
Voluntary movement
__________________ is a combination of isotonic and isometric contractions.
isometric exercises
It is important to understand the energy expenditure (increased respiratory rate and increased
work on the heart) associated with ______________ because the exercises are sometimes
contraindicated in certain patients' illnesses (e.g., myocardial infarction [MI] or chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD]).
Prime mover
4 Functional Classification of Muscle Action
Muscle that directly performs a specific movement.
Antagonist
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS!!
Ligaments, tendons, and cartilage
________________ support the skeletal system.
Ligaments
____________ are white, shiny, flexible bands of dense fibrous tissue that bind joints and
connect bones and cartilage. A _________ is one type of collagenous fiber that intertwines in
irregular, swirling arrangements to form thick connective tissue. _________ are predominantly
elastic fibers. Some __________ serve a protective function. For example, _____________
between the vertebral bodies and the ligamentum flavum prevent damage to the spinal
cord during movement of the back.
Tendons
________________ are glistening white fibrous bands of tissue that occur in various lengths and
thicknesses. ___________ connect muscle to bone and are strong, flexible, and inelastic.
Achilles tendon
The ____________ is the thickest and strongest tendon in the body. It begins near the
midposterior of the leg and attaches the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles in the calf to
the calcaneal bone in the back of the foot
Cartilage
___________ is nonvascular (without blood vessels), supporting connective tissue located
chiefly in the joints and the thorax, trachea, larynx, nose, and ear. It has the flexibility of a firm,
plastic material. __________ sustains weight and serves as a shock absorber between articulating
bones.
unossified
,Permanent cartilage is ___________ (not hardened), except in advanced age and diseases such as
osteoarthritis, which impairs mobility.
myosin and actin
Muscle fibers contract when stimulated by an electrochemical impulse that travels from the
nerve to the muscle across the neuromuscular junction. The electrochemical impulse causes the
filaments (predominantly protein molecules of _____________) within the fiber to slide past one
another, with the filaments changing length. Continued and efficient use of adenosine
triphosphate (ATP), the energy source for muscular contraction, requires glucose and
oxygen. Both nutrients reach the muscle fibers through vascular capillaries
600
There are more than _____________ skeletal muscles in the body.
one joint and attach to both articulating bones
Most of our muscles span at least _________________.
isotonic and isometric
There are two types of muscle contractions, _______________.
isotonic or dynamic contraction
An _______________ is mobilizing, causing the body to move
isometric contraction
an ______________ is stabilizing, causing the body to hold a stable position
concentric and eccentric
Isotonic contractions have two varieties, ____________.
concentric tension
2 types of isotonic contractions
, In _____________, increased muscle contraction causes muscle shortening, resulting in
movement, such as when a patient uses an overhead trapeze to pull up in bed.
Eccentric tension
2 types of isotonic contractions
_________________ causes lengthening of a muscle to control the speed and direction of
movement. For example, when using an overhead trapeze, a patient slowly lowers himself to the
bed.
active movement
Concentric and eccentric muscle actions are necessary for ____________.
Isometric contraction
_________________ (static contraction) causes an increase in muscle tension or muscle work
but no shortening or active movement of the muscle (e.g., instructing a patient to tighten
and relax a muscle group, as in quadriceps set exercises or pelvic floor exercises).
Voluntary movement
__________________ is a combination of isotonic and isometric contractions.
isometric exercises
It is important to understand the energy expenditure (increased respiratory rate and increased
work on the heart) associated with ______________ because the exercises are sometimes
contraindicated in certain patients' illnesses (e.g., myocardial infarction [MI] or chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD]).
Prime mover
4 Functional Classification of Muscle Action
Muscle that directly performs a specific movement.
Antagonist
