Nagelhout Pharm 1- Exam 3 questions with answers

Nagelhout Pharm 1- Exam 3 questions |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




with answers
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General Cardiac Effects of Opiates - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Little
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to no effect
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Minimal bradycardia |\




Effects more pronounced in shock or ambulating patients
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Groups of Endogenous Opioid Peptides (5) - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔1. Enkephalins |\




a. Leu-enkephalin
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b. Met-enkephalin
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2. β -Endorphin
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3. Dynorphins
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a. Dynorphin
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b. α-Neoendorphin
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4. Endomorphin 1 and Endomorphin 2
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5. Nociceptin
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Precursor to Enkephalins - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Proenkephalin
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A


Precursor to β-Endophins - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Pro-
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opiomelanocortin (Pro-OMC) |\

,Precursor to Dynorphins - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Prodynorphin
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Precursor to Endomorpins 1 & 2 - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔Unknown


Precursor to Nociceptin - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Pronociceptin
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Location of endogenous opioid peptides - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔Brain & Spinal cord |\ |\ |\




(second highest concentration in GI)
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Analgesic mechanism of action of opioids - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔Actives opioid receptors on pre-synaptic "pain pathway" nerve
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→ prevents release of substance P (or bradykinin/acetylcholine)
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to post-synaptic nerve
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Analgesic mechanism of action of endogenous endorphins -
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CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Endorphins released from pre-synaptic
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"pain relieving" nerve → pre-synaptic "pain producing nerve" →
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prevents release of substance P (or bradykinin/acetylcholine) to
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post-synaptic nerve |\




3 classes of opiate receptors - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1. Mu µ
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2. Kappa κ|\ |\




3. Delta δ|\ |\

, Mu receptors effects (11) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1. Analgesia
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(supraspinal and spinal) (Mu-1 in animals) |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




2. Euphoria & sedation
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3. Physical dependence
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4. Depression of respirations (Mu-2 in animals)
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5. Miosis
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6. Constipation
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7. Urinary retention
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8. Bradycardia
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9. Pruritus
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10. Skeletal rigidity
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11. Biliary spasm
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Kappa receptor effects (6) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1. Analgesia
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(spinal & supraspinal)
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2. DYSPHORIA
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3. Sedation
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4. Low abuse potential
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5. Miosis
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6. ANTI-SHIVERING
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Delta receptor effects (5) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔(AUGMENTS
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MU & KAPPA EFFECTS)
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1. Analgesia (supraspinal and spinal)
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2. Physical dependence
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