FCCN level 1 Exam QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
2025/2026 |ALREADY GRADED A+
1. minimum urine output for adult: 0.5mL/kg/hr
2. ADH (antidiuretic hormone): - water retainer
- vasoconstrictor (also called Vasopressin)
- produced by hypothalamus
- store and released from posterior pituitary
3. ADH pathway: - hypothalamus senses low blood volumed and
increased serum osmolality
- signal pituitary to release ADH
- ADH causes kidney to retain water
- water retention increases blood volume and decreases serum
osmolality
4. ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide): - cardiac hormone stored in atria
- released when atrial pressure increases
,*works opposite of RAAS by decreasing BP and reducing intravascular
,volume
- important diagnostic marker in CHF
5. hydrostatic pressure: - forces fluids and solutes through the capillary
wall and into the tissue spaces
6. colloid osmotic pressure: - pulling force of albumin in the intravascular
spaces
- pull fluid into vasculature
7. maintenance fluid therapy: - replaces normal ongoing losses of
water and electrolytes (urine, sweat, respiration, stool)
8. replacement therapy: - corrects any existing water and or electrolyte
deficits
9. isotonic fluids: - tonicity equal to plasma in the body
- no fluid shifts because the solutions are equally concentrated
- LR
- NS
- D5W
10. hypotonic fluids: - lower concentration of solutes in the vasculature
than in the cell
, - fluid shifts into the cell to dilute the electrolytes (CELL SWELLS)
- 0.45NS
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
2025/2026 |ALREADY GRADED A+
1. minimum urine output for adult: 0.5mL/kg/hr
2. ADH (antidiuretic hormone): - water retainer
- vasoconstrictor (also called Vasopressin)
- produced by hypothalamus
- store and released from posterior pituitary
3. ADH pathway: - hypothalamus senses low blood volumed and
increased serum osmolality
- signal pituitary to release ADH
- ADH causes kidney to retain water
- water retention increases blood volume and decreases serum
osmolality
4. ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide): - cardiac hormone stored in atria
- released when atrial pressure increases
,*works opposite of RAAS by decreasing BP and reducing intravascular
,volume
- important diagnostic marker in CHF
5. hydrostatic pressure: - forces fluids and solutes through the capillary
wall and into the tissue spaces
6. colloid osmotic pressure: - pulling force of albumin in the intravascular
spaces
- pull fluid into vasculature
7. maintenance fluid therapy: - replaces normal ongoing losses of
water and electrolytes (urine, sweat, respiration, stool)
8. replacement therapy: - corrects any existing water and or electrolyte
deficits
9. isotonic fluids: - tonicity equal to plasma in the body
- no fluid shifts because the solutions are equally concentrated
- LR
- NS
- D5W
10. hypotonic fluids: - lower concentration of solutes in the vasculature
than in the cell
, - fluid shifts into the cell to dilute the electrolytes (CELL SWELLS)
- 0.45NS
