Test Bank For Pediatric Physical Examination An Illustrated Handbook 3rd Edition Duderstadt.

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TEST BANK FOR PEDIATRIC
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION AN
ILLUSTRATED HANDBOOK 3RD
EDITION DUDERSTADT




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Pediatric Physical Examination 3rd Edition Duderstadt TESTBANK

Chapter 1: Approach to Care and Assessment of Children and Adolescents

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A nurse is reviewing developmental concepts for infants and children. Which statement best
describes development in infants and children?

a. Development, a predictable and orderly process, occurs at varying rates within
normal limits.
b. Development is primarily related to the growth in the number and size of cells.

c. Development occurs in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle development
occurring first.

d. Development is more easily and accurately measured than growth.


ANS: A

Development, a continuous orderly process, provides the basis for increases in the childs
function and complexity of behavior. The increases in rate of function and complexity can vary
normally within limits for each child. An increase in the number and size of cells is a definition
for growth. Development proceeds in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle organization
occurring as a result of large muscle organization. Development is a more complex process that
is affected by many factors; therefore, it is less easily and accurately measured. Growth is a
predictable process with standard measurement methods.

2. Frequent developmental assessments are important for which reason?

a. Stable developmental periods during infancy provide an opportunity to identify
any delays or deficits.

b. Infants need stimulation specific to the stage of development.

c. Critical periods of development occur during childhood.

d. Child development is unpredictable and needs monitoring.




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ANS: C hj




Critical periods are blocks of time during which children are ready to master specific development
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al tasks. Children can master these tasks more easily during particular periods of time in their grow
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th and developmental process. Infancy is a dynamic time of development that requires frequent eva
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luations to assess appropriate developmental progress. Infants in a nurturing environment will devel
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op appropriately and will not necessarily need stimulation specific to their developmental stage. No
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rmal growth and development are orderly and proceed in a predictable pattern on the basis of each i
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ndividuals abilities and potentials. hj hj hj




3. Which factor has the greatest influence on child growth and development?
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a. Culture

b. Environment

c. Genetics

d. Nutrition


ANS: C hj




Genetic factors (heredity) determine each individuals growth and developmental rate. Although fa
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ctors such as environment, culture, nutrition, and family can influence genetic traits, they do not eli
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minate the effect of the genetic endowment, which is permanent. Culture is a significant factor that
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influences how children grow toward adulthood. Culture influences both growth and development
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but does not eliminate inborn genetic influences. Environment has a significant role in determining
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growth and development both before and after birth. The environment can influence how and to wh
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ich extent genetic traits are manifested, but environmental factors cannot eliminate the effect of gen
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etics. Nutrition is critical for growth and plays a significant role throughout childhood.
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4. A nurse is planning a teaching session with a child. According to Piagetian theory, the period of
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cognitive development in which the child is able to distinguish fact from fantasy is the
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iod of cognitive development.
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a. sensorimotor




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