RIO BIO 156 EVALAUTION EXAMS 2025/2026 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔The nervous tissue is located in the ________&__________, as well as the nerves
that transmit information to and from various organs. - ✔✔brain & spinal cord
✔✔___________are a specialized cells that are similar in structure and that perform
common functions. - ✔✔Tissues
✔✔What are the 4 major types of tissues? - ✔✔Epithelial, connective, muscle &
nervous
✔✔_________consist of cells that line or cover various surfaces and body cavities
ex: skin and the lining of your mouth. - ✔✔Epithelial tissues
✔✔Epithelial tissues are often________to reduce friction and aid in the blood flow -
✔✔smooth
✔✔Epithelial tissues absorb _____ &______ across your intestines into your blood, and
________products across the tubules of your kidneys so you can eliminate them in
urine - ✔✔Water & nutrients, waste
✔✔_________form in bodys glands - ✔✔Glandular epithelia
✔✔Epithelial tissues that are specialized to synthesize and secrete a product. -
✔✔Glands
✔✔____________glands secrete their products into a hollow organ or duct.
Ex: Mouth glads secreting saliva - ✔✔Exocrine Glands
✔✔________glands secrete substances called HORMONES into the bloodstream.
Ex: Thyroid gland, which secretes several hormones that help regulate growth and
metabolism. - ✔✔Endocrine Glands
✔✔Epithelial tissues are classifies according to ____________. - ✔✔Cell Shape
✔✔There are _____cell shapes of epithelial tissues: __________, _____________, &
____________ - ✔✔3
Squamous Epithelium, Cuboidal epithelium, & Columnar epithelium
,✔✔___________________ consists of one or more laters of flattened cells "platelike"
and forms the outer surface of the skin - ✔✔Squamous epithelium
✔✔______________is composed of cube-shaped cells. Forms kidney tubules and
covers surfaces of the ovaries - ✔✔Cuboidal epithelium
✔✔_______________is composed of tall rectangular cells. Lines digestive tract. Certain
cells called goblet cells secrete mucus trapping bacteria - ✔✔Columnar Epithelium
✔✔Singe layer of cells, used so this molecules can pass through easily. - ✔✔Simple
epithelium
✔✔Multiple layers of cells, provides protection for underlying cells. - ✔✔Stratified
epithelium
✔✔The mortar that anchors cells to the stronger connective tissue
underneath....composed primarily of protein secreted by the epithelial cells. -
✔✔Basement membrane
✔✔Cell Junctions - ✔✔hold cells together
✔✔3 types of cell junctions - ✔✔Tight junctions, Adhesion Junctions, & Gap junctions
✔✔________seal the plasma membranes of adjacent cells tight so nothing can pass
between cells
Ex: Digestive tract and bladder - ✔✔Tight junctions
✔✔_____________"spot desmosomes" looser in structure. The protein filaments allow
for some movement between cells - ✔✔Adhesion junctions
✔✔________represent connecting channels made of proteins that permit the
movement of ions or water between two adjacent cells. - ✔✔Gap Junctions
✔✔Each pair of alleles segregates independently of the other pairs of alleles during
gamete production. Mendels law of ?? - ✔✔Independent Assortment
✔✔A sperm or egg carries only one allele for each inherited trait because allele pairs
separate from each other during production of gametes. Mendels Law of? -
✔✔Independent Assortment
✔✔Collection of fetal cells for genetic testing - ✔✔amniocentesis
, ✔✔The dominant allele has the same phenotypic effect wether present in one or two
copies - ✔✔Complete dominance
✔✔Appearance in-between phenotypes of two parental varieties - ✔✔Incomplete
dominance
✔✔___________makes red blood cells produce abnormal hemoglobin molecules which
gather and crystalize forming a jagged shape - ✔✔Sickle Cell
✔✔__________is the additive effects of two or more genes on a single phenotypic
charcteristic. Example: Medium shade pigmentation. - ✔✔Polygenic Inheritance
✔✔____________________state, that genes occupy specific loci on chromosomes and
it is the chromosomes that undergo segregation and independent assortment during
meiosis. - ✔✔Chromosome theory of inheritance
✔✔Genes located close together on the same chromosome tend to be inherited
together are called___________genes - ✔✔Linked
✔✔XY Sex Chromosome - ✔✔Male
✔✔XX Sex Chromosome - ✔✔Female
✔✔Both males and females have ____autosomes - ✔✔44
✔✔Lack of SRY in males cause the production - ✔✔of ovaries rather then testis
✔✔Bacterial viruses are called - ✔✔bacteriophages "phages"
✔✔DNA & RNA consists of ...creating a polynucleotide - ✔✔long chains of monomers
called nucleotides
✔✔there are ___types of nucleotides that make up DNA each with a different
nitrogenous base - ✔✔4
✔✔4 complementary nitrogenous bases in DNA - ✔✔A (adenine) C (Cytosine) T
(Thymine) G (Guanine)
✔✔Each nucleotide of DNA consists of three components....joined by covalent bonds
between the sugar and phosphate - ✔✔a nitrogenous base (a-g-t-c)
a 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose)
a phosphate group
AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔The nervous tissue is located in the ________&__________, as well as the nerves
that transmit information to and from various organs. - ✔✔brain & spinal cord
✔✔___________are a specialized cells that are similar in structure and that perform
common functions. - ✔✔Tissues
✔✔What are the 4 major types of tissues? - ✔✔Epithelial, connective, muscle &
nervous
✔✔_________consist of cells that line or cover various surfaces and body cavities
ex: skin and the lining of your mouth. - ✔✔Epithelial tissues
✔✔Epithelial tissues are often________to reduce friction and aid in the blood flow -
✔✔smooth
✔✔Epithelial tissues absorb _____ &______ across your intestines into your blood, and
________products across the tubules of your kidneys so you can eliminate them in
urine - ✔✔Water & nutrients, waste
✔✔_________form in bodys glands - ✔✔Glandular epithelia
✔✔Epithelial tissues that are specialized to synthesize and secrete a product. -
✔✔Glands
✔✔____________glands secrete their products into a hollow organ or duct.
Ex: Mouth glads secreting saliva - ✔✔Exocrine Glands
✔✔________glands secrete substances called HORMONES into the bloodstream.
Ex: Thyroid gland, which secretes several hormones that help regulate growth and
metabolism. - ✔✔Endocrine Glands
✔✔Epithelial tissues are classifies according to ____________. - ✔✔Cell Shape
✔✔There are _____cell shapes of epithelial tissues: __________, _____________, &
____________ - ✔✔3
Squamous Epithelium, Cuboidal epithelium, & Columnar epithelium
,✔✔___________________ consists of one or more laters of flattened cells "platelike"
and forms the outer surface of the skin - ✔✔Squamous epithelium
✔✔______________is composed of cube-shaped cells. Forms kidney tubules and
covers surfaces of the ovaries - ✔✔Cuboidal epithelium
✔✔_______________is composed of tall rectangular cells. Lines digestive tract. Certain
cells called goblet cells secrete mucus trapping bacteria - ✔✔Columnar Epithelium
✔✔Singe layer of cells, used so this molecules can pass through easily. - ✔✔Simple
epithelium
✔✔Multiple layers of cells, provides protection for underlying cells. - ✔✔Stratified
epithelium
✔✔The mortar that anchors cells to the stronger connective tissue
underneath....composed primarily of protein secreted by the epithelial cells. -
✔✔Basement membrane
✔✔Cell Junctions - ✔✔hold cells together
✔✔3 types of cell junctions - ✔✔Tight junctions, Adhesion Junctions, & Gap junctions
✔✔________seal the plasma membranes of adjacent cells tight so nothing can pass
between cells
Ex: Digestive tract and bladder - ✔✔Tight junctions
✔✔_____________"spot desmosomes" looser in structure. The protein filaments allow
for some movement between cells - ✔✔Adhesion junctions
✔✔________represent connecting channels made of proteins that permit the
movement of ions or water between two adjacent cells. - ✔✔Gap Junctions
✔✔Each pair of alleles segregates independently of the other pairs of alleles during
gamete production. Mendels law of ?? - ✔✔Independent Assortment
✔✔A sperm or egg carries only one allele for each inherited trait because allele pairs
separate from each other during production of gametes. Mendels Law of? -
✔✔Independent Assortment
✔✔Collection of fetal cells for genetic testing - ✔✔amniocentesis
, ✔✔The dominant allele has the same phenotypic effect wether present in one or two
copies - ✔✔Complete dominance
✔✔Appearance in-between phenotypes of two parental varieties - ✔✔Incomplete
dominance
✔✔___________makes red blood cells produce abnormal hemoglobin molecules which
gather and crystalize forming a jagged shape - ✔✔Sickle Cell
✔✔__________is the additive effects of two or more genes on a single phenotypic
charcteristic. Example: Medium shade pigmentation. - ✔✔Polygenic Inheritance
✔✔____________________state, that genes occupy specific loci on chromosomes and
it is the chromosomes that undergo segregation and independent assortment during
meiosis. - ✔✔Chromosome theory of inheritance
✔✔Genes located close together on the same chromosome tend to be inherited
together are called___________genes - ✔✔Linked
✔✔XY Sex Chromosome - ✔✔Male
✔✔XX Sex Chromosome - ✔✔Female
✔✔Both males and females have ____autosomes - ✔✔44
✔✔Lack of SRY in males cause the production - ✔✔of ovaries rather then testis
✔✔Bacterial viruses are called - ✔✔bacteriophages "phages"
✔✔DNA & RNA consists of ...creating a polynucleotide - ✔✔long chains of monomers
called nucleotides
✔✔there are ___types of nucleotides that make up DNA each with a different
nitrogenous base - ✔✔4
✔✔4 complementary nitrogenous bases in DNA - ✔✔A (adenine) C (Cytosine) T
(Thymine) G (Guanine)
✔✔Each nucleotide of DNA consists of three components....joined by covalent bonds
between the sugar and phosphate - ✔✔a nitrogenous base (a-g-t-c)
a 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose)
a phosphate group
