Midwifery | 2024/2025 Exam Training Manual:
Comprehensive Prep Questions with Solutions
Hypospadias - correct answer abnormal congenital opening of the male
urethra on the undersurface of the penis
Cryptorchidism - correct answer undescended testicles
Chordee - correct answer bend in the shaft of the penis
Scrotal hydrocele - correct answer swelling of the scrotum due to a
collection of fluid in the testes or along the spermatic cord
Routine pulse oximetry of the newborn - correct answer put into place to
identify critical congenital cardiac defects that are not easily recognized at
birth and in the early newborn period (i.e. Hypoplastic left heart)
Prophylactic treatment for opthalmia neonatorum - correct answer
erythromycin eye ointment
Neonatal hypoglycemia - correct answer glucose valuses of 40-50 or
lower should be verified by venous sample and then referred to neonatal
care
Blood sugar nadir is 1-2 hows of age
Mechanism of physiologic jaundice of the newborn - correct answer due to
rapid breakdown of red blood cells as they have a shorter lifespan in the
newborn: there is a shorter lifespan of newborn red blood cells
,Apgar scoring - correct answer a= appearance (color all pink, pink and
blue, blue [pale])
P= pulse (>100, < 100, absent)
G= grimace (cough, grimace, no response)
A= activity (flexed, flaccid, limp)
R= respirations (strong cry, weak cry, absent)
Developed to assess adaptation to extrauterine life
Score at 1 and 5 minutes of life
Leukorrhea of pregnancy - correct answer begins in the 2nd trimester
Characterized by copious, thin, or thick vaginal discharge
In the absence of pruritis, malodor, erythema, vaginitis can be excluded
and woman can be reassured regarding normalcy
Crown-rump length - correct answer most accurate measurement of the
embryo in the first trimester
Accurate within 3-5 days
Centeringpregnancy positive outcomes - correct answer associated with:
-high maternal satisfaction
-increased self-esteem
-less depression
-higher rates of breastfeeding
-lower preterm delivery rates
,-better pregnancy spacing
Breast changes in pregnancy - correct answer in the middle of pregnancy
breast changes are marked by secretory changes in the epithelium which is
the first stage of lactogenesis
Colostrum is secreted but alveoli cells remain quiescent towards the end of
pregnancy under the influence of progesterone
Hyperplasia and hypertrophy are characteristic of breast changes in
pregnancy
Uterine contractility - correct answer tightening and shortening of uterine
muscles
-mitochondira increase in number w/in each cells; produce energy used for
increased contractility
Metabolic syndrome diagnostic criteria - correct answer -waist
circumference greater or equal to 88cm
-triglycerides greater or equal to 150mg/dl or drug treatment for elevated
triglycerides
-hdl less than 50mg/dl or drug treatment for reduced hdl
-systolic bp greater than 130 and/or diastolic bp greater than 85 or drug
treatment for htn
-fasting glucose greater than or equal to 100mg/dl or drug treatment for
elevated glucose
Adenomyosis - correct answer endometrial tissue within the myometrium
that responds to hormonal stimulation
, Endometriosis - correct answer endometrial tissue that is outside of the
uterus
Most common cause of chronic pelvic pain in reproductive-age women
~7-10% of premenopausal women are affected
Expedited partner therapy - correct answer treatment of sexual partners
for someone who has had a positive chlamydia or gonorrhea infection
Treat all partners from the prior 60 days
Normal parameters for menstrual cycle - correct answer 24-38 days in
frequency or cycle interval
Variation of 2-20 days over the course of a year
Menstrual flow lasting 4.5 to 8 days
5-80ml of blood loss during a given cycle
Fibrocystic breast changes - correct answer present in more than half of
women aged 20-50 years
Common in women aged 35-50 years
Present with numerous bilateral mobile cystic masses that are often tender
Axillary tail and upper outer quadrant of both breasts are most common
sites
Neovagina - correct answer created through penile inversion technique
during gender-affirming surgery
Clinician's approach to vaginal health relies on understanding of the
physiology:
-it is a skin-lined blind-ended pouch
Comprehensive Prep Questions with Solutions
Hypospadias - correct answer abnormal congenital opening of the male
urethra on the undersurface of the penis
Cryptorchidism - correct answer undescended testicles
Chordee - correct answer bend in the shaft of the penis
Scrotal hydrocele - correct answer swelling of the scrotum due to a
collection of fluid in the testes or along the spermatic cord
Routine pulse oximetry of the newborn - correct answer put into place to
identify critical congenital cardiac defects that are not easily recognized at
birth and in the early newborn period (i.e. Hypoplastic left heart)
Prophylactic treatment for opthalmia neonatorum - correct answer
erythromycin eye ointment
Neonatal hypoglycemia - correct answer glucose valuses of 40-50 or
lower should be verified by venous sample and then referred to neonatal
care
Blood sugar nadir is 1-2 hows of age
Mechanism of physiologic jaundice of the newborn - correct answer due to
rapid breakdown of red blood cells as they have a shorter lifespan in the
newborn: there is a shorter lifespan of newborn red blood cells
,Apgar scoring - correct answer a= appearance (color all pink, pink and
blue, blue [pale])
P= pulse (>100, < 100, absent)
G= grimace (cough, grimace, no response)
A= activity (flexed, flaccid, limp)
R= respirations (strong cry, weak cry, absent)
Developed to assess adaptation to extrauterine life
Score at 1 and 5 minutes of life
Leukorrhea of pregnancy - correct answer begins in the 2nd trimester
Characterized by copious, thin, or thick vaginal discharge
In the absence of pruritis, malodor, erythema, vaginitis can be excluded
and woman can be reassured regarding normalcy
Crown-rump length - correct answer most accurate measurement of the
embryo in the first trimester
Accurate within 3-5 days
Centeringpregnancy positive outcomes - correct answer associated with:
-high maternal satisfaction
-increased self-esteem
-less depression
-higher rates of breastfeeding
-lower preterm delivery rates
,-better pregnancy spacing
Breast changes in pregnancy - correct answer in the middle of pregnancy
breast changes are marked by secretory changes in the epithelium which is
the first stage of lactogenesis
Colostrum is secreted but alveoli cells remain quiescent towards the end of
pregnancy under the influence of progesterone
Hyperplasia and hypertrophy are characteristic of breast changes in
pregnancy
Uterine contractility - correct answer tightening and shortening of uterine
muscles
-mitochondira increase in number w/in each cells; produce energy used for
increased contractility
Metabolic syndrome diagnostic criteria - correct answer -waist
circumference greater or equal to 88cm
-triglycerides greater or equal to 150mg/dl or drug treatment for elevated
triglycerides
-hdl less than 50mg/dl or drug treatment for reduced hdl
-systolic bp greater than 130 and/or diastolic bp greater than 85 or drug
treatment for htn
-fasting glucose greater than or equal to 100mg/dl or drug treatment for
elevated glucose
Adenomyosis - correct answer endometrial tissue within the myometrium
that responds to hormonal stimulation
, Endometriosis - correct answer endometrial tissue that is outside of the
uterus
Most common cause of chronic pelvic pain in reproductive-age women
~7-10% of premenopausal women are affected
Expedited partner therapy - correct answer treatment of sexual partners
for someone who has had a positive chlamydia or gonorrhea infection
Treat all partners from the prior 60 days
Normal parameters for menstrual cycle - correct answer 24-38 days in
frequency or cycle interval
Variation of 2-20 days over the course of a year
Menstrual flow lasting 4.5 to 8 days
5-80ml of blood loss during a given cycle
Fibrocystic breast changes - correct answer present in more than half of
women aged 20-50 years
Common in women aged 35-50 years
Present with numerous bilateral mobile cystic masses that are often tender
Axillary tail and upper outer quadrant of both breasts are most common
sites
Neovagina - correct answer created through penile inversion technique
during gender-affirming surgery
Clinician's approach to vaginal health relies on understanding of the
physiology:
-it is a skin-lined blind-ended pouch
