IB Psychology HL Study Guide Latest
Updated
What are the main research methods used at each of the core levels of analysis? -
ANS-Experiments
Case Studies
Observational Studies
Surveys/Questionnaires
What are the main advantages of the research methods used at each of the core levels
of analysis? - ANS-Experiments:
Determines a cause-effect relationship between two variables (IV & DV)
An IV and DV may be manipulated.
Case Studies:
Allows for the study of rare phenomena
Allows for the development of a hypothesis
Observational Studies:
Greatest ecological validity as participants are studied in their natural environments
(naturalistic)
Produce most meaningful results due to the lack of control exerted
Surveys/Questionnaires:
Range of questions from open-minded to close minded to ratings
Qualitative and archival methods are included when making these questions
What are the main disadvantages of the research methods used at each of the core
levels of analysis? - ANS-Experiments:
Artificial Environments
Demand Characteristics
Extraneous Variables
Case Studies:
Two serious problems of expectancy effects and atypical individuals
Observational Studies:
Naturalistic ones are time-consuming and expensive
Laboratory ones are less ecologically valid as well as controlled
, Surveys/Questionnaires:
Data can only be described
Mistaken and drawn conclusions from
Open questions limit data
Closed questions limit r
What are the ethical guidelines that all research studies must adhere to? - ANS-1.
Informed Consent
2. Avoid excessive Deception
3. Avoid Risk of Harm
4. Keep Confidentiality/Privacy
5. Debriefings must be done after research/experiments
What are the differences between MRI and fMRI? - ANS-MRI:
MRI views the anatomical structure
Views the anatomical structure as a whole
fMRI:
fMRI views the metabolic function
Views the specific function of a specific region of the brain
What is meant by the phrase localization of function? - ANS-The theory of localization
refers to the idea that different parts of the brain are responsible for specific behaviors,
or that certain functions are localized to certain areas in the brain
What are some examples of localization of function? - ANS-Hippocampus: memory
Frontal Lobe: motor function/problem solving
Occipital Lobe:visual processing center
Temporal Lobe: auditory input processing center
Parietal Lobe: sensation and perception and integrating sensory input
What are the parts and functions of the parts of a neuron? - ANS-Dendrite: a short
branched extension of a nerve cell, along which impulses received from other cells at
synapses are transmitted to the cell body
Axon: the long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from
the cell body to other cells
Soma: is cell body of a neuron and contains the nucleus of the cell
Nucleus: which in turn contains the genetic material in the form of chromosomes
Myelin Sheath: the insulating covering that surrounds an axon with multiple spiral layers
of myelin, that is discontinuous at the nodes of Ranvier, and that increases the speed at
which a nerve impulse can travel along an axon
Updated
What are the main research methods used at each of the core levels of analysis? -
ANS-Experiments
Case Studies
Observational Studies
Surveys/Questionnaires
What are the main advantages of the research methods used at each of the core levels
of analysis? - ANS-Experiments:
Determines a cause-effect relationship between two variables (IV & DV)
An IV and DV may be manipulated.
Case Studies:
Allows for the study of rare phenomena
Allows for the development of a hypothesis
Observational Studies:
Greatest ecological validity as participants are studied in their natural environments
(naturalistic)
Produce most meaningful results due to the lack of control exerted
Surveys/Questionnaires:
Range of questions from open-minded to close minded to ratings
Qualitative and archival methods are included when making these questions
What are the main disadvantages of the research methods used at each of the core
levels of analysis? - ANS-Experiments:
Artificial Environments
Demand Characteristics
Extraneous Variables
Case Studies:
Two serious problems of expectancy effects and atypical individuals
Observational Studies:
Naturalistic ones are time-consuming and expensive
Laboratory ones are less ecologically valid as well as controlled
, Surveys/Questionnaires:
Data can only be described
Mistaken and drawn conclusions from
Open questions limit data
Closed questions limit r
What are the ethical guidelines that all research studies must adhere to? - ANS-1.
Informed Consent
2. Avoid excessive Deception
3. Avoid Risk of Harm
4. Keep Confidentiality/Privacy
5. Debriefings must be done after research/experiments
What are the differences between MRI and fMRI? - ANS-MRI:
MRI views the anatomical structure
Views the anatomical structure as a whole
fMRI:
fMRI views the metabolic function
Views the specific function of a specific region of the brain
What is meant by the phrase localization of function? - ANS-The theory of localization
refers to the idea that different parts of the brain are responsible for specific behaviors,
or that certain functions are localized to certain areas in the brain
What are some examples of localization of function? - ANS-Hippocampus: memory
Frontal Lobe: motor function/problem solving
Occipital Lobe:visual processing center
Temporal Lobe: auditory input processing center
Parietal Lobe: sensation and perception and integrating sensory input
What are the parts and functions of the parts of a neuron? - ANS-Dendrite: a short
branched extension of a nerve cell, along which impulses received from other cells at
synapses are transmitted to the cell body
Axon: the long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from
the cell body to other cells
Soma: is cell body of a neuron and contains the nucleus of the cell
Nucleus: which in turn contains the genetic material in the form of chromosomes
Myelin Sheath: the insulating covering that surrounds an axon with multiple spiral layers
of myelin, that is discontinuous at the nodes of Ranvier, and that increases the speed at
which a nerve impulse can travel along an axon
