NUTR 280 FINAL PAPER 2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges - ✔✔- healthy ranges of intakes for
carbohydrate, fat, and protein, expressed as percentages of total energy intake. The
intent of these ranges: promote diets that minimize disease risks and allow flexibility in
food intake patterns
- 45% - 65% of calories from carbohydrates
- 20% - 35% of calories from fat
- 10% - 35% of calories from protein
✔✔Are the DRIs a "diet planning tool"? - ✔✔No! They are "nutrient" & "energy"
recommendations
✔✔Dietary pattern - ✔✔combination of foods and beverages that make up an
individual's intake over time; "eating pattern".
✔✔What counts as one drink? - ✔✔- 12oz. regular beer
o 5% alcohol
- 5 oz. table wine
o 12% alcohol
- 8-9 oz. malt liquor
o 7% alcohol
- 1.5 oz. 80-proof liquor
o 40% alcohol
**A "drink" delivers .6 fluid ounces of pure ethanol.
✔✔Expressed in ounces or 1-ounce equivalents - ✔✔amounts to eat from the Grains &
Protein Foods groups
✔✔"Surface" culture - ✔✔- observable actions and behaviors.
- Includes ways we communicate and dress, what we eat, holidays celebrated,
language we speak, and our race or ethnicity.
✔✔"Deep" culture - ✔✔- perceptions, attitudes, beliefs, and values such as our
ideologies, manners, religion, self-concept, and even work ethic
✔✔five constructs of cultural competence - ✔✔o Cultural awareness
o Cultural skill
o Cultural knowledge
o Cultural encounters
o Cultural desires
✔✔Food Labels - ✔✔Provides information about the nutrients in a food and how it fits
into the overall diet
, ✔✔All packaged foods must contain - ✔✔nutrition facts panel
✔✔ingredients list - ✔✔The portion of a food label that provides nutrition information
about a food's nutrient contents that is displayed in a specific format on the food's
package
✔✔"Daily Value" (DV): - ✔✔reference values for the intakes of nutrients per serving;
used on food labels only; not a DRI
✔✔"Percent Daily Value" (% DV) - ✔✔Amount of a nutrient in a food as a percentage of
the DV; based on a 2000-calorie diet; & serves as a frame of reference even if calorie
needs are lower or higher
✔✔Two ways of looking at the % DV - ✔✔- Intake goal to STRIVE to meet
- A value not to EXCEED each day
✔✔health claim - ✔✔statements that refer to a relationship between a nutrient, food,
food component, or dietary supplement and reduced risk of a disease or health-related
condition
✔✔qualified health claims - ✔✔- claims about emerging evidence but not well-
established evidence.
- such claims must be accompanied by an explanatory statement (disclaimer) to avoid
misleading consumers
✔✔They are not regulated by FDA - ✔✔Dietary Supplement Labels
✔✔Digestive system - ✔✔the body system ("organ system") that breaks down food into
smaller components (nutrients), absorbs nutrients, and eliminates solid waste products.
✔✔Digestion - ✔✔the process of breaking down large food molecules into nutrients that
the body can absorb and subsequently use.
✔✔Absorption - ✔✔the process of nutrient uptake from the gastrointestinal tract for
transport through the cardiovascular (circulatory) system or the lymphatic (immune)
system.
✔✔Gastrointestinal tract (GI Tract) - ✔✔· Flexible muscular tube (~26-30 ft.)
· Runs through the →central part of the body
· Human body & the GI tract is like a "doughnut".
o Human body ="fried dough"
o GI tract = "doughnut hole"
o Hence, ingested food is technically not inside the body
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges - ✔✔- healthy ranges of intakes for
carbohydrate, fat, and protein, expressed as percentages of total energy intake. The
intent of these ranges: promote diets that minimize disease risks and allow flexibility in
food intake patterns
- 45% - 65% of calories from carbohydrates
- 20% - 35% of calories from fat
- 10% - 35% of calories from protein
✔✔Are the DRIs a "diet planning tool"? - ✔✔No! They are "nutrient" & "energy"
recommendations
✔✔Dietary pattern - ✔✔combination of foods and beverages that make up an
individual's intake over time; "eating pattern".
✔✔What counts as one drink? - ✔✔- 12oz. regular beer
o 5% alcohol
- 5 oz. table wine
o 12% alcohol
- 8-9 oz. malt liquor
o 7% alcohol
- 1.5 oz. 80-proof liquor
o 40% alcohol
**A "drink" delivers .6 fluid ounces of pure ethanol.
✔✔Expressed in ounces or 1-ounce equivalents - ✔✔amounts to eat from the Grains &
Protein Foods groups
✔✔"Surface" culture - ✔✔- observable actions and behaviors.
- Includes ways we communicate and dress, what we eat, holidays celebrated,
language we speak, and our race or ethnicity.
✔✔"Deep" culture - ✔✔- perceptions, attitudes, beliefs, and values such as our
ideologies, manners, religion, self-concept, and even work ethic
✔✔five constructs of cultural competence - ✔✔o Cultural awareness
o Cultural skill
o Cultural knowledge
o Cultural encounters
o Cultural desires
✔✔Food Labels - ✔✔Provides information about the nutrients in a food and how it fits
into the overall diet
, ✔✔All packaged foods must contain - ✔✔nutrition facts panel
✔✔ingredients list - ✔✔The portion of a food label that provides nutrition information
about a food's nutrient contents that is displayed in a specific format on the food's
package
✔✔"Daily Value" (DV): - ✔✔reference values for the intakes of nutrients per serving;
used on food labels only; not a DRI
✔✔"Percent Daily Value" (% DV) - ✔✔Amount of a nutrient in a food as a percentage of
the DV; based on a 2000-calorie diet; & serves as a frame of reference even if calorie
needs are lower or higher
✔✔Two ways of looking at the % DV - ✔✔- Intake goal to STRIVE to meet
- A value not to EXCEED each day
✔✔health claim - ✔✔statements that refer to a relationship between a nutrient, food,
food component, or dietary supplement and reduced risk of a disease or health-related
condition
✔✔qualified health claims - ✔✔- claims about emerging evidence but not well-
established evidence.
- such claims must be accompanied by an explanatory statement (disclaimer) to avoid
misleading consumers
✔✔They are not regulated by FDA - ✔✔Dietary Supplement Labels
✔✔Digestive system - ✔✔the body system ("organ system") that breaks down food into
smaller components (nutrients), absorbs nutrients, and eliminates solid waste products.
✔✔Digestion - ✔✔the process of breaking down large food molecules into nutrients that
the body can absorb and subsequently use.
✔✔Absorption - ✔✔the process of nutrient uptake from the gastrointestinal tract for
transport through the cardiovascular (circulatory) system or the lymphatic (immune)
system.
✔✔Gastrointestinal tract (GI Tract) - ✔✔· Flexible muscular tube (~26-30 ft.)
· Runs through the →central part of the body
· Human body & the GI tract is like a "doughnut".
o Human body ="fried dough"
o GI tract = "doughnut hole"
o Hence, ingested food is technically not inside the body
