NUR 2590: GI STUDY GUIDE
GI function - Answers - digestion, absorption, elimination
What is the most common complaint associated with GI - Answers - N/V
Vomiting - Answers - complex reflex reaction to expel a stimuli
Is vomiting always bad? - Answers - No, it can help remove toxins (but most time yes)
Emetics - Answers - agents that cause vomiting
no longer recommended for at-home poison control
Antiemetics - Answers - control nausea and vomiting by blocking nerve impulses to the
medullar vomiting center
centrally or locally acting, w/ varying degrees of effectiveness
What are the groups of centrally acting antiemetics - Answers - antihistamines
dopamine agonist
anticholinergics
serotonin antagonist
benzodiazepine
glucocorticoids
cannabinoids
miscellanous
Antihistamines antiemetic - Answers - Phenothiazine
Phenothiazines suffix - Answers - -azine
Phenothiazine medications - Answers - Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
prochlorperazine edisylate (compazine)
promethazine (Phenergan)
Phenergan (promethazine) drug class - Answers - Phenothiazine
Phenergan (promethazine) indications - Answers - motion sickness
N/V
Phenergan (promethazine) MOA - Answers - blocks H1 receptors sites --> inhibits
chemoreceptor trigger zone --> inhibits vomiting
,also antagonist to alpha-adrenergic, muscarinic, and NMDA receptor
Is Phenergan (promethazine) centrally acting - Answers - yes
Phenergan (promethazine) contraindications - Answers - hypersensitivity
galucoma
liver dx
intestinal obstruction (as it slows motility)
bone marrow depression
What patient population should be cautioned w/ Phenergan (promethazine) use? -
Answers - cardiovascular dx, liver dysfunction, asthma, respiratory dysfunction
HTN
elderly
(as it is a CNS depressor)
Side effects of Phenergan (promethazine) - Answers - (common ones)
drowsiness
confusion
anorexia
dry mouth & eyes
constipation
urinary retention
blurred vision, photosensitivity
HTN
transient leukopenia
Phenergan (promethazine) drug interactions - Answers - increase CNS depression &
anticholinergic effects w/ ETOH & other CNS deprssants
Adverse reactions of Phenergan (promethazine) - Answers - extrapyramidal syndrome
extrapyramidal syndrome - Answers - group of side effects associated with abnormal
motor movements (induced by antipsychotics)
Akathesia: & tardive dyskinesia
tardive dyskinesia - Answers - involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue,
and limbs
(tongue protrusion, puckering, chewing, and grimacing)
akathisia - Answers - A feeling of inner restlessness
, What lab abnormalities may occur w/ Phenergan (promethazine) use - Answers - false
pregnancies
Non-pharmacologic interventions for N/V - Answers - weak tea
flattened carbonated beverage (cola)
gelatin (citrus flavor)
Gatorade (dilute it)
Pedialyte
crackers dry toast
lemon ice
ginger
cool rags on forehead or neck
OTC antiemtics - Answers - Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)
Mecllizine hydrochloride (antivert)
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (benadryl)
Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) drug class - Answers - antihistamine
(antiemetic)
Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) indication - Answers - can be used as antiemetic
motion sickness - treatment and prevention of nausea, vertigo, and vomiting
Mecllizine hydrochloride (antivert) drug class - Answers - 1st generation antihistamine
(antiemetic)
Mecllizine hydrochloride (antivert) indications - Answers - prevent and control nausea,
vomiting, and dizziness caused by vertigo
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (benadryl) drug class - Answers - 1st generation
antihistamine
(antiemetic)
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (benadryl) indication - Answers - prevent or alleviate
allergic reaction & motion sickness from vertigo
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (benadryl) MOA for antiemetic - Answers - inhibits
vestibular stimulation in middle ear
GI function - Answers - digestion, absorption, elimination
What is the most common complaint associated with GI - Answers - N/V
Vomiting - Answers - complex reflex reaction to expel a stimuli
Is vomiting always bad? - Answers - No, it can help remove toxins (but most time yes)
Emetics - Answers - agents that cause vomiting
no longer recommended for at-home poison control
Antiemetics - Answers - control nausea and vomiting by blocking nerve impulses to the
medullar vomiting center
centrally or locally acting, w/ varying degrees of effectiveness
What are the groups of centrally acting antiemetics - Answers - antihistamines
dopamine agonist
anticholinergics
serotonin antagonist
benzodiazepine
glucocorticoids
cannabinoids
miscellanous
Antihistamines antiemetic - Answers - Phenothiazine
Phenothiazines suffix - Answers - -azine
Phenothiazine medications - Answers - Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
prochlorperazine edisylate (compazine)
promethazine (Phenergan)
Phenergan (promethazine) drug class - Answers - Phenothiazine
Phenergan (promethazine) indications - Answers - motion sickness
N/V
Phenergan (promethazine) MOA - Answers - blocks H1 receptors sites --> inhibits
chemoreceptor trigger zone --> inhibits vomiting
,also antagonist to alpha-adrenergic, muscarinic, and NMDA receptor
Is Phenergan (promethazine) centrally acting - Answers - yes
Phenergan (promethazine) contraindications - Answers - hypersensitivity
galucoma
liver dx
intestinal obstruction (as it slows motility)
bone marrow depression
What patient population should be cautioned w/ Phenergan (promethazine) use? -
Answers - cardiovascular dx, liver dysfunction, asthma, respiratory dysfunction
HTN
elderly
(as it is a CNS depressor)
Side effects of Phenergan (promethazine) - Answers - (common ones)
drowsiness
confusion
anorexia
dry mouth & eyes
constipation
urinary retention
blurred vision, photosensitivity
HTN
transient leukopenia
Phenergan (promethazine) drug interactions - Answers - increase CNS depression &
anticholinergic effects w/ ETOH & other CNS deprssants
Adverse reactions of Phenergan (promethazine) - Answers - extrapyramidal syndrome
extrapyramidal syndrome - Answers - group of side effects associated with abnormal
motor movements (induced by antipsychotics)
Akathesia: & tardive dyskinesia
tardive dyskinesia - Answers - involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue,
and limbs
(tongue protrusion, puckering, chewing, and grimacing)
akathisia - Answers - A feeling of inner restlessness
, What lab abnormalities may occur w/ Phenergan (promethazine) use - Answers - false
pregnancies
Non-pharmacologic interventions for N/V - Answers - weak tea
flattened carbonated beverage (cola)
gelatin (citrus flavor)
Gatorade (dilute it)
Pedialyte
crackers dry toast
lemon ice
ginger
cool rags on forehead or neck
OTC antiemtics - Answers - Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)
Mecllizine hydrochloride (antivert)
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (benadryl)
Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) drug class - Answers - antihistamine
(antiemetic)
Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) indication - Answers - can be used as antiemetic
motion sickness - treatment and prevention of nausea, vertigo, and vomiting
Mecllizine hydrochloride (antivert) drug class - Answers - 1st generation antihistamine
(antiemetic)
Mecllizine hydrochloride (antivert) indications - Answers - prevent and control nausea,
vomiting, and dizziness caused by vertigo
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (benadryl) drug class - Answers - 1st generation
antihistamine
(antiemetic)
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (benadryl) indication - Answers - prevent or alleviate
allergic reaction & motion sickness from vertigo
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (benadryl) MOA for antiemetic - Answers - inhibits
vestibular stimulation in middle ear
