CCRP AACVPR BIO Exam Questions With Accurate Answers.
How are lipids carried - accurate answers-on lipoproteins in the blood
because they are insoluble in water
Proteins found on lipoproteins - accurate answers-apolipoproteins
Density of lipoprotein with less lipid and greater protein - accurate answers-
more dense
Density of lipoprotein with more lipids and less protein - accurate answers-
less dense
Major bloodstream lipoproteins - accurate answers-chylomicrons, vLDL, LDL,
HDL
Chylomicrons - accurate answers-least dense of the lipoproteins and are
triglyceride-rich particles that are formed in the intestine
Function of Chylomicrons and where they can be found - accurate answers-
Transport dietary fat and can be found in the bloodstream at highest
concentration soon after a meal
Least to most dense lipoprotein particles - accurate answers-Chlyomicron,
vLDL, LDL, HDL
lipoprotein that is the most atherogenic of all lipoproteins - accurate answers-
LDL
LDL carries - accurate answers-60-70% of the cholesterol in the blood
HDL carries - accurate answers-20-30% of the cholesterol in the blood
Equation for total LDL-C in bloodstream - accurate answers-LDL= TC-(HDL-C-
(TG/5))
When does calculating LDL-C become inaccurate - accurate answers-when TG
exceeds 400mg/dL
Desirable total cholesterol level - accurate answers-<200
,Borderline high total cholesterol level - accurate answers-200-240
High total cholesterol level - accurate answers->240
Optimal TG level - accurate answers-<150
Borderline high TG level - accurate answers-150-199
High TG level - accurate answers-200-499
Very high TG levels - accurate answers->500
Optimal in men HDL levels - accurate answers->40
Optimal in women HDL levels - accurate answers->50
Optimal LDL-C levels - accurate answers-<100
Near optimal LDL-C levels - accurate answers-100-129
Borderline high LDL-C levels - accurate answers-130-159
High LDL-C levels - accurate answers-160-189
Very high LDL-C levels - accurate answers->190
Hypertriglycerdemia is associated with high levels of - accurate answers-
VLDL-C
Non-HDL-Cholesterol calculation - accurate answers-HDL-C - Total cholesterol
Atherogenic dyslipidemia - accurate answers-Elevated levels of TG, low HDL-C
and only modest elevations of LDL-C
Metabolic syndrome - accurate answers-requires the presence of any 3 of the
following conditions: abdominal obesity, elevated TG, low HDL, elevated BP
and hyperglycemia
,Criteria for metabolic syndrome: Abdominal obesity - accurate answers-WC
>102 cm (40 in) for men
WC >88cm (35 in) for women
Criteria for metabolic syndrome: Hypertriglyceremia - accurate answers-≥150
or drug treatment
Criteria for metabolic syndrome: Low HDL - accurate answers-<40 for men
<50 for women
Criteria for metabolic syndrome: Elevated BP - accurate answers-SBP ≥130
DBP ≥85
or drug treatment
Criteria for metabolic syndrome: Hyperglycemia - accurate answers-Fasting
glucose ≥100
or drug treatment
AACVPR understanding of atherosclerosis - accurate answers-Traditional risk
factors are a source of inflammatory changes in the blood vessel wall -->
which attract lipid laden macrophages and other inflammatory cells to enter
the blood vessel wall --> where they proliferate and develop atherosclerotic
plaques --> which are the source of the clinical manifestations of CHD
Fatty streaks - accurate answers-lipid deposition (daily lipid laden
macrophages) in the arterial wall
Lumen - accurate answers-opening inside of the blood vessel
fibrous plaque - accurate answers-Larger and more obstructive lesoions
consisting of an outer fibrous
Why do plaque ruptures occurs prior to the development of cardiovascular
symptoms in many cases - accurate answers-Atherosclerotic plaques that are
prone to rupture tend to be younger, more immature plaques that usually do
not produce the degree of luminal narrowing required to develop exertion
symptoms
, What occurs after a plaque rupture - accurate answers-Clot formation within
the lumen of the coronary artery, potential resulting in an acute coronary
syndrome from the sudden development of severe obstruction to coronary
blood flow
Examples of foods high in dietary cholesterol - accurate answers-Animal
products ( meat, poultry, fish, eggs, butter, cheese, whole and 2% milk)
Examples of foods high in saturated fatty acids - accurate answers-high fat
meats (beef, lamb, pork, poultry with skin, beef fat, lard), dairy products,
tropical oils ( palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil)
Examples of foods high in trans fatty acids - accurate answers-fried foods,
baked goods, stick margarines, shortenings
Examples of foods high in monounsaturated fatty acids - accurate answers-
vegetable oils (olive oil, canola oil, peanut oil, sunflower oil, sesame oil) ,
avocados, peanutbutter, nuts and seeds
Examples of foods high in polyunsaturated fatty acids - accurate answers-
vegetable oils (soybean oil, safflower oil), fatty fish ( salmon, mackerel,
herring, trout) nuts (walnuts), seeds (sunflower seeds)
ACC/AHA Lifestyle Management Guidelines Dietary recommendations for
lowering LDL-C - accurate answers-1) consume a dietary pattern that
emphasizes; vegetables, whole grains and fruits; low fat dairy products, fish,
legumes, non-tropical oils and nuts; limit sweets, sugared beverages and red
meats
2) Aim for a diet of 5-6% of calories from saturated fats
3) Reduce percent calories from saturated fats
4) Reduce percent of calories from trans fats
What are unrefined carbohydrates referred as - accurate answers-whole
grains
Strongest evidence for dietary patterns - accurate answers-DASH diet
(dietary approach to stop hypertension)
How are lipids carried - accurate answers-on lipoproteins in the blood
because they are insoluble in water
Proteins found on lipoproteins - accurate answers-apolipoproteins
Density of lipoprotein with less lipid and greater protein - accurate answers-
more dense
Density of lipoprotein with more lipids and less protein - accurate answers-
less dense
Major bloodstream lipoproteins - accurate answers-chylomicrons, vLDL, LDL,
HDL
Chylomicrons - accurate answers-least dense of the lipoproteins and are
triglyceride-rich particles that are formed in the intestine
Function of Chylomicrons and where they can be found - accurate answers-
Transport dietary fat and can be found in the bloodstream at highest
concentration soon after a meal
Least to most dense lipoprotein particles - accurate answers-Chlyomicron,
vLDL, LDL, HDL
lipoprotein that is the most atherogenic of all lipoproteins - accurate answers-
LDL
LDL carries - accurate answers-60-70% of the cholesterol in the blood
HDL carries - accurate answers-20-30% of the cholesterol in the blood
Equation for total LDL-C in bloodstream - accurate answers-LDL= TC-(HDL-C-
(TG/5))
When does calculating LDL-C become inaccurate - accurate answers-when TG
exceeds 400mg/dL
Desirable total cholesterol level - accurate answers-<200
,Borderline high total cholesterol level - accurate answers-200-240
High total cholesterol level - accurate answers->240
Optimal TG level - accurate answers-<150
Borderline high TG level - accurate answers-150-199
High TG level - accurate answers-200-499
Very high TG levels - accurate answers->500
Optimal in men HDL levels - accurate answers->40
Optimal in women HDL levels - accurate answers->50
Optimal LDL-C levels - accurate answers-<100
Near optimal LDL-C levels - accurate answers-100-129
Borderline high LDL-C levels - accurate answers-130-159
High LDL-C levels - accurate answers-160-189
Very high LDL-C levels - accurate answers->190
Hypertriglycerdemia is associated with high levels of - accurate answers-
VLDL-C
Non-HDL-Cholesterol calculation - accurate answers-HDL-C - Total cholesterol
Atherogenic dyslipidemia - accurate answers-Elevated levels of TG, low HDL-C
and only modest elevations of LDL-C
Metabolic syndrome - accurate answers-requires the presence of any 3 of the
following conditions: abdominal obesity, elevated TG, low HDL, elevated BP
and hyperglycemia
,Criteria for metabolic syndrome: Abdominal obesity - accurate answers-WC
>102 cm (40 in) for men
WC >88cm (35 in) for women
Criteria for metabolic syndrome: Hypertriglyceremia - accurate answers-≥150
or drug treatment
Criteria for metabolic syndrome: Low HDL - accurate answers-<40 for men
<50 for women
Criteria for metabolic syndrome: Elevated BP - accurate answers-SBP ≥130
DBP ≥85
or drug treatment
Criteria for metabolic syndrome: Hyperglycemia - accurate answers-Fasting
glucose ≥100
or drug treatment
AACVPR understanding of atherosclerosis - accurate answers-Traditional risk
factors are a source of inflammatory changes in the blood vessel wall -->
which attract lipid laden macrophages and other inflammatory cells to enter
the blood vessel wall --> where they proliferate and develop atherosclerotic
plaques --> which are the source of the clinical manifestations of CHD
Fatty streaks - accurate answers-lipid deposition (daily lipid laden
macrophages) in the arterial wall
Lumen - accurate answers-opening inside of the blood vessel
fibrous plaque - accurate answers-Larger and more obstructive lesoions
consisting of an outer fibrous
Why do plaque ruptures occurs prior to the development of cardiovascular
symptoms in many cases - accurate answers-Atherosclerotic plaques that are
prone to rupture tend to be younger, more immature plaques that usually do
not produce the degree of luminal narrowing required to develop exertion
symptoms
, What occurs after a plaque rupture - accurate answers-Clot formation within
the lumen of the coronary artery, potential resulting in an acute coronary
syndrome from the sudden development of severe obstruction to coronary
blood flow
Examples of foods high in dietary cholesterol - accurate answers-Animal
products ( meat, poultry, fish, eggs, butter, cheese, whole and 2% milk)
Examples of foods high in saturated fatty acids - accurate answers-high fat
meats (beef, lamb, pork, poultry with skin, beef fat, lard), dairy products,
tropical oils ( palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil)
Examples of foods high in trans fatty acids - accurate answers-fried foods,
baked goods, stick margarines, shortenings
Examples of foods high in monounsaturated fatty acids - accurate answers-
vegetable oils (olive oil, canola oil, peanut oil, sunflower oil, sesame oil) ,
avocados, peanutbutter, nuts and seeds
Examples of foods high in polyunsaturated fatty acids - accurate answers-
vegetable oils (soybean oil, safflower oil), fatty fish ( salmon, mackerel,
herring, trout) nuts (walnuts), seeds (sunflower seeds)
ACC/AHA Lifestyle Management Guidelines Dietary recommendations for
lowering LDL-C - accurate answers-1) consume a dietary pattern that
emphasizes; vegetables, whole grains and fruits; low fat dairy products, fish,
legumes, non-tropical oils and nuts; limit sweets, sugared beverages and red
meats
2) Aim for a diet of 5-6% of calories from saturated fats
3) Reduce percent calories from saturated fats
4) Reduce percent of calories from trans fats
What are unrefined carbohydrates referred as - accurate answers-whole
grains
Strongest evidence for dietary patterns - accurate answers-DASH diet
(dietary approach to stop hypertension)
