NAU ACC 205 EVALUATION EXAMS 2025/2026 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Mediation - ✔✔A method of settling disputes outside of court by using the services
of a neutral third party, called a mediator. The mediator acts as a communicating agent
between the parties and suggests ways in which the parties can resolve their dispute.
✔✔Negotiation - ✔✔A form of communication between opposing sides in a conflict in
which offers and counteroffers are made and a solution occurs only when both parties
agree
✔✔Answer - ✔✔Procedurally, a defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint.
✔✔Complaint - ✔✔The pleading made by a plaintiff alleging wrongdoing on the part of
the defendant; the document that, when filed with a court, initiates a lawsuit.
✔✔Default Judgment - ✔✔A judgment entered by a court against a defendant who has
failed to appear in court to answer or defend against the plaintiff's claim.
✔✔Deposition - ✔✔the process in which material is laid down
✔✔Interrogatories - ✔✔A series of written questions for which written answers are
prepared by a party to a lawsuit, usually with the assistance of the party's attorney, and
then signed under oath.
✔✔Injunction - ✔✔an authoritative command or order
✔✔Voir Dire - ✔✔Jury selection process of questioning prospective jurors, to ascertain
their qualifications and determine any basis for challenge.
✔✔Majority Opinion (Appeal) - ✔✔In law, a majority opinion is a judicial opinion agreed
to by more than half of the members of a court. A majority opinion sets forth the
decision of the court and an explanation of the rationale behind the court's decision. Not
all cases have a majority opinion.
✔✔Dissenting Opinion (Appeal) - ✔✔A dissenting opinion (or dissent) is an opinion in a
legal case in certain legal systems written by one or more judges expressing
disagreement with the majority opinion of the court which gives rise to its judgment.
✔✔Affirmed (Appeal) - ✔✔When an appeals court "affirms" a lower court's verdict, it is
agreeing with the lower court
✔✔Remanded (Appeal) - ✔✔To send back. An appeals court may remand a case to the
trial court for further action if it reverses the judgment of the lower court, or after a
, preliminary hearing a judge may remand into custody a person accused of a crime if the
judge finds that a there is reason to hold the accused for trial.
✔✔Bill of Rights - ✔✔The first ten amendments to the Constitution
✔✔Checks and Balances - ✔✔A system that allows each branch of government to limit
the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power
✔✔Commerce Clause - ✔✔The clause in the Constitution (Article I, Section 8, Clause
1) that gives Congress the power to regulate all business activities that cross state lines
or affect more than one state or other nations.
✔✔Procedural Due Process - ✔✔Constitutional requirement that governments proceed
by proper methods; limits how government may exercise power.
✔✔Substantive Due Process - ✔✔Constitutional requirement that governments act
reasonably and that the substance of the laws themselves be fair and reasonable; limits
what a government may do.
✔✔Free Exercise Clause - ✔✔A First Amendment provision that prohibits government
from interfering with the practice of religion.
✔✔Establishment Clause - ✔✔Clause in the First Amendment that says the government
may not establish an official religion.
✔✔Equal Protection Clause - ✔✔14th amendment clause that prohibits states from
denying equal protection under the law, and has been used to combat discrimination.
✔✔Different types of speech/protections afforded - ✔✔Amendment I. Congress shall
make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise
thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people
peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.
✔✔Supremacy Clause - ✔✔Constitution is the supreme law of the land
✔✔Preemption - ✔✔A doctrine under which certain federal laws preempt, or take
precedence over, conflicting state or local laws.
✔✔Police Power - ✔✔The authority of each State to act to protect and promote the
public health, safety, morals, and general welfare of its people
✔✔Privileges and Immunities clause - ✔✔Prevents a state from treating citizens of
other states in a discriminatory manner.
AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Mediation - ✔✔A method of settling disputes outside of court by using the services
of a neutral third party, called a mediator. The mediator acts as a communicating agent
between the parties and suggests ways in which the parties can resolve their dispute.
✔✔Negotiation - ✔✔A form of communication between opposing sides in a conflict in
which offers and counteroffers are made and a solution occurs only when both parties
agree
✔✔Answer - ✔✔Procedurally, a defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint.
✔✔Complaint - ✔✔The pleading made by a plaintiff alleging wrongdoing on the part of
the defendant; the document that, when filed with a court, initiates a lawsuit.
✔✔Default Judgment - ✔✔A judgment entered by a court against a defendant who has
failed to appear in court to answer or defend against the plaintiff's claim.
✔✔Deposition - ✔✔the process in which material is laid down
✔✔Interrogatories - ✔✔A series of written questions for which written answers are
prepared by a party to a lawsuit, usually with the assistance of the party's attorney, and
then signed under oath.
✔✔Injunction - ✔✔an authoritative command or order
✔✔Voir Dire - ✔✔Jury selection process of questioning prospective jurors, to ascertain
their qualifications and determine any basis for challenge.
✔✔Majority Opinion (Appeal) - ✔✔In law, a majority opinion is a judicial opinion agreed
to by more than half of the members of a court. A majority opinion sets forth the
decision of the court and an explanation of the rationale behind the court's decision. Not
all cases have a majority opinion.
✔✔Dissenting Opinion (Appeal) - ✔✔A dissenting opinion (or dissent) is an opinion in a
legal case in certain legal systems written by one or more judges expressing
disagreement with the majority opinion of the court which gives rise to its judgment.
✔✔Affirmed (Appeal) - ✔✔When an appeals court "affirms" a lower court's verdict, it is
agreeing with the lower court
✔✔Remanded (Appeal) - ✔✔To send back. An appeals court may remand a case to the
trial court for further action if it reverses the judgment of the lower court, or after a
, preliminary hearing a judge may remand into custody a person accused of a crime if the
judge finds that a there is reason to hold the accused for trial.
✔✔Bill of Rights - ✔✔The first ten amendments to the Constitution
✔✔Checks and Balances - ✔✔A system that allows each branch of government to limit
the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power
✔✔Commerce Clause - ✔✔The clause in the Constitution (Article I, Section 8, Clause
1) that gives Congress the power to regulate all business activities that cross state lines
or affect more than one state or other nations.
✔✔Procedural Due Process - ✔✔Constitutional requirement that governments proceed
by proper methods; limits how government may exercise power.
✔✔Substantive Due Process - ✔✔Constitutional requirement that governments act
reasonably and that the substance of the laws themselves be fair and reasonable; limits
what a government may do.
✔✔Free Exercise Clause - ✔✔A First Amendment provision that prohibits government
from interfering with the practice of religion.
✔✔Establishment Clause - ✔✔Clause in the First Amendment that says the government
may not establish an official religion.
✔✔Equal Protection Clause - ✔✔14th amendment clause that prohibits states from
denying equal protection under the law, and has been used to combat discrimination.
✔✔Different types of speech/protections afforded - ✔✔Amendment I. Congress shall
make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise
thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people
peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.
✔✔Supremacy Clause - ✔✔Constitution is the supreme law of the land
✔✔Preemption - ✔✔A doctrine under which certain federal laws preempt, or take
precedence over, conflicting state or local laws.
✔✔Police Power - ✔✔The authority of each State to act to protect and promote the
public health, safety, morals, and general welfare of its people
✔✔Privileges and Immunities clause - ✔✔Prevents a state from treating citizens of
other states in a discriminatory manner.
