HUMAN NUTRITION FINAL PAPER 2025/2026 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔Digestion of macronutrients begins in the mouth with enzyme action on: -
✔✔starches by designated carbohydrases.
✔✔The digestive juices in the digestive tract include: - ✔✔pancreatic juice, which
neutralizes stomach acids reaching the small intestine.
✔✔As food moves through the digestive tract it spends the most time in the: - ✔✔large
intestine because of the need to partially digest fiber and absorb water.
✔✔If you are taking medications to treat the discomfort caused by heartburn, it is
important to know that: - ✔✔antacids will only temporarily relieve pain by neutralizing
stomach acid for a while.
✔✔A person in an emergency situation is unable to eat for several weeks. Which of the
following would provide the energy that this person would need to survive? - ✔✔fat
✔✔Excess nutrients are stored in various body tissues for future use. An example of
this would be: - ✔✔calcium, which is stored in reserves in the skeletal system.
✔✔Body fluids supply the tissues continuously with energy, oxygen, and nutrients,
including water. - ✔✔True
✔✔Some vitamins are stored in the body without limit, even if they reach toxic levels. -
✔✔True
✔✔A 56-year-old man has gallstones, which cause pain when his gallbladder contracts.
What secretion is stored in the gallbladder? What type of foods should he avoid and
why? (Your answer should be in complete sentences and use proper grammar.) -
✔✔The gallbladder holds bile produced in the liver until it is needed for digesting fatty
foods in the duodenum of the small intestine. He should avoid fatty foods the
gallbladder contracts to push the digestive enzymes into the intestine. If there are
gallstones in the gallbladder they can block the contractions, which can be quite painful.
Avoiding certain types of foods can lessen the chance of gallstone complications.
✔✔items in order of size from SMALLEST to LARGEST. - ✔✔Atoms
Molecule
Cell
Tissues
Organ
Organ System
Organism
,✔✔digestive tract in order - ✔✔Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestines
Large intestines
✔✔The ____ prevents food from entering the passageway to the lungs during
swallowing. - ✔✔epiglottis
✔✔Most digestion and absorption occurs in the ______. - ✔✔small intestine
✔✔The rhythmic contractions that propel food through the GI tract are called _______. -
✔✔peristalsis
✔✔Current dietary guidelines for the United States recommend: - ✔✔increased
consumption of fiber-rich, whole food sources of carbohydrate.
✔✔Potential harmful effects of too much fiber include: - ✔✔dehydration and limited
absorption of iron
✔✔The form of starch that is most easily digested in the body is: - ✔✔white flour.
✔✔Which of the following terms would you look for on a bread label to choose the most
nutritious product? - ✔✔whole grain
✔✔Products of the incomplete breakdown of fat that occurs when carbohydrates are not
available are called: - ✔✔ketone bodies.
✔✔With two exceptions, the _____ food group provides almost no carbohydrate to the
diet - ✔✔meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, eggs and nuts
✔✔One of your friends makes the statement that her diet contains no sucrose because
she does not consume table sugar. What would be an appropriate response to this
statement? - ✔✔you're wrong, because sucrose occurs naturally in many fruits and
vegetables.
✔✔You are teaching a client how to possibly lower blood cholesterol levels by
consuming foods high in fiber. Which of the following foods would be least effective for
this purpose? - ✔✔whole-wheat breads
, ✔✔You are trying to decide which type of sugar to use, and want to choose the one that
would have the greatest nutritional value. Your best choice would be: - ✔✔to select any
of the sugars because none of them is "more healthy" than another.
✔✔In evaluating the potential link between high-fructose corn syrup (HCFS) and
obesity, scientists have found that: - ✔✔people in the U.S. who consume the most
HCFS from sugary beverages weigh more than people who do not consume as many of
them.
✔✔What is the role of insulin in weight gain? - ✔✔people with insulin resistance gain
more weight, especially with high-carbohydrate diets
✔✔The glycemic index and glycemic load of foods may be important to people with
diabetes who must strive to regulate blood glucose control. - ✔✔True
✔✔Research has shown that eating too much carbohydrate can cause diabetes. -
✔✔False
✔✔Adam is 19 and plays basketball. Recently, he has been thirsty all the time and he
needs to get up several times a night to urinate. He has lost 10 pounds and is so tired
that he has been missing basketball practice. What type of diabetes is most likely
affecting Adam? How does it need to be managed? Why is it important to keep blood
sugar levels within the normal range in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes? (your answer
should be in complete sentences and should use proper grammar). - ✔✔Type 1
diabetes, the most common symptoms for type 1 are fatigue, weight loss, excessive
thirst, and frequent urination. People who have type 1 diabetes must take insulin as part
of their treatment. Because their bodies can't make insulin anymore, they need to get
the right amount to keep their blood sugar levels in a healthy range. Managing your
diabetes can help keep you from having other serious health problems, such as heart
disease, stroke, kidney disease, nerve damage, poor oral health, and vision loss.
✔✔Which of the following category of complex carbohydrates is not digestible because
they cannot be broken down by human digestive enzymes? - ✔✔fiber
✔✔Which metabolic pathway yields the greatest amount of ATP via cellular respiration?
- ✔✔aerobic metabolism
✔✔Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth. - ✔✔True
✔✔The rise in blood glucose levels after eating stimulates the pancreas to secrete the
hormone ___, causing blood glucose levels to ____. - ✔✔insulin, drop
AND ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔Digestion of macronutrients begins in the mouth with enzyme action on: -
✔✔starches by designated carbohydrases.
✔✔The digestive juices in the digestive tract include: - ✔✔pancreatic juice, which
neutralizes stomach acids reaching the small intestine.
✔✔As food moves through the digestive tract it spends the most time in the: - ✔✔large
intestine because of the need to partially digest fiber and absorb water.
✔✔If you are taking medications to treat the discomfort caused by heartburn, it is
important to know that: - ✔✔antacids will only temporarily relieve pain by neutralizing
stomach acid for a while.
✔✔A person in an emergency situation is unable to eat for several weeks. Which of the
following would provide the energy that this person would need to survive? - ✔✔fat
✔✔Excess nutrients are stored in various body tissues for future use. An example of
this would be: - ✔✔calcium, which is stored in reserves in the skeletal system.
✔✔Body fluids supply the tissues continuously with energy, oxygen, and nutrients,
including water. - ✔✔True
✔✔Some vitamins are stored in the body without limit, even if they reach toxic levels. -
✔✔True
✔✔A 56-year-old man has gallstones, which cause pain when his gallbladder contracts.
What secretion is stored in the gallbladder? What type of foods should he avoid and
why? (Your answer should be in complete sentences and use proper grammar.) -
✔✔The gallbladder holds bile produced in the liver until it is needed for digesting fatty
foods in the duodenum of the small intestine. He should avoid fatty foods the
gallbladder contracts to push the digestive enzymes into the intestine. If there are
gallstones in the gallbladder they can block the contractions, which can be quite painful.
Avoiding certain types of foods can lessen the chance of gallstone complications.
✔✔items in order of size from SMALLEST to LARGEST. - ✔✔Atoms
Molecule
Cell
Tissues
Organ
Organ System
Organism
,✔✔digestive tract in order - ✔✔Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestines
Large intestines
✔✔The ____ prevents food from entering the passageway to the lungs during
swallowing. - ✔✔epiglottis
✔✔Most digestion and absorption occurs in the ______. - ✔✔small intestine
✔✔The rhythmic contractions that propel food through the GI tract are called _______. -
✔✔peristalsis
✔✔Current dietary guidelines for the United States recommend: - ✔✔increased
consumption of fiber-rich, whole food sources of carbohydrate.
✔✔Potential harmful effects of too much fiber include: - ✔✔dehydration and limited
absorption of iron
✔✔The form of starch that is most easily digested in the body is: - ✔✔white flour.
✔✔Which of the following terms would you look for on a bread label to choose the most
nutritious product? - ✔✔whole grain
✔✔Products of the incomplete breakdown of fat that occurs when carbohydrates are not
available are called: - ✔✔ketone bodies.
✔✔With two exceptions, the _____ food group provides almost no carbohydrate to the
diet - ✔✔meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, eggs and nuts
✔✔One of your friends makes the statement that her diet contains no sucrose because
she does not consume table sugar. What would be an appropriate response to this
statement? - ✔✔you're wrong, because sucrose occurs naturally in many fruits and
vegetables.
✔✔You are teaching a client how to possibly lower blood cholesterol levels by
consuming foods high in fiber. Which of the following foods would be least effective for
this purpose? - ✔✔whole-wheat breads
, ✔✔You are trying to decide which type of sugar to use, and want to choose the one that
would have the greatest nutritional value. Your best choice would be: - ✔✔to select any
of the sugars because none of them is "more healthy" than another.
✔✔In evaluating the potential link between high-fructose corn syrup (HCFS) and
obesity, scientists have found that: - ✔✔people in the U.S. who consume the most
HCFS from sugary beverages weigh more than people who do not consume as many of
them.
✔✔What is the role of insulin in weight gain? - ✔✔people with insulin resistance gain
more weight, especially with high-carbohydrate diets
✔✔The glycemic index and glycemic load of foods may be important to people with
diabetes who must strive to regulate blood glucose control. - ✔✔True
✔✔Research has shown that eating too much carbohydrate can cause diabetes. -
✔✔False
✔✔Adam is 19 and plays basketball. Recently, he has been thirsty all the time and he
needs to get up several times a night to urinate. He has lost 10 pounds and is so tired
that he has been missing basketball practice. What type of diabetes is most likely
affecting Adam? How does it need to be managed? Why is it important to keep blood
sugar levels within the normal range in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes? (your answer
should be in complete sentences and should use proper grammar). - ✔✔Type 1
diabetes, the most common symptoms for type 1 are fatigue, weight loss, excessive
thirst, and frequent urination. People who have type 1 diabetes must take insulin as part
of their treatment. Because their bodies can't make insulin anymore, they need to get
the right amount to keep their blood sugar levels in a healthy range. Managing your
diabetes can help keep you from having other serious health problems, such as heart
disease, stroke, kidney disease, nerve damage, poor oral health, and vision loss.
✔✔Which of the following category of complex carbohydrates is not digestible because
they cannot be broken down by human digestive enzymes? - ✔✔fiber
✔✔Which metabolic pathway yields the greatest amount of ATP via cellular respiration?
- ✔✔aerobic metabolism
✔✔Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth. - ✔✔True
✔✔The rise in blood glucose levels after eating stimulates the pancreas to secrete the
hormone ___, causing blood glucose levels to ____. - ✔✔insulin, drop
