NUR 414 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
1900-1940 - Answers - i. Manufacturers & distributors
ii. Sharp business acumen to survive
1940-1970 - Answers - i. Role of Pharmacist shrunk (de-professionalized)
ii. Became more technical
iii. APhA code of Ethics regulated pharmacists to dispensers of pre-prepared drugs
1970-1990 - Answers - i. Medicare and cost control
ii. Millis Commission Report of 1975 stated that pharmacists were poorly trained in
communication and management
iii. Clinical pharmacist movement leads to PharmD
iv. Movement still lacks managerial skillset
1990-Today - Answers - i. Pharmaceutical Care and MTM
ii. A management movement
iii. Medicare Part D legislation (2003),
iv. 2010: Integrated care delivery, medication reviews and MTM programs
Describe how pharmacy practitioners and educators viewed the need for management
skills as the roles of pharmacists evolved. - Answers - a. Pharmacists are taking
greater responsibility for patients' outcomes arising from drug therapy
b. Ability to manage work environment
c. Pharmacists provide valuable expertise for direct and in direct patient care
Identify principal domains of pharmacy care. Describe how management skills and
functions fit within the context of providing medication therapy management services. -
Answers - a. Risk management - Data collection, OTC med history, DUR, report
adverse events, document therapeutic interventions and activities
b. Patient Advocacy - Promote patient wellbeing, maintain caring relationship
c. Disease Management - Provide information, make plans, monitor progression, give
support
d. Pharmacy Care Service Marketing - Meet prescribers, be active in community, have
private area for patient consultations, find good software to improve outcomes
e. Business Management - Utilize technicians and other staff to free up the pharmacist's
time
Identify myths surrounding the practice of pharmacy and health care as a business. -
Answers - a. Practice of pharmacy is ethically inconsistent with good business
b. Business is not a profession guided by ethics
c. In business, quality of care is secondary to generating profits
d. A good pharmacist is one who is a "clinical purist
Evaluate the need for a management perspective to better serve patients and improve
outcomes to drug therapy. - Answers - a. Increased Productivity - fewer medical errors
,b. Workplace advancement
c. "Managing" every day at work
d. Personal job satisfaction
e. Superior patient care, implementation of clinical services & happy & productive
personnel
List the managerial sciences and describe their use as tools to assist pharmacists in
practice. - Answers - a. Accounting
b. Finance
c. Economics
d. Human Resource management
e. Marketing
f. Operations Management
g. Value Creation
Define management, manager, and leader - Answers - a. Management - The process
of dealing with or controlling things or people.
b. Manager - A person who has control or direction of an institution or business
c. Leader - One who leads or commands a group or organization
Compare and contrast manager and leader (both are important) - Answers - a. A
manager is appointed and doesn't necessarily mean they are a good leader. A leader is
supported by his followers and may also not be a good manager. A good combination of
a leader and manager would be someone who their workers are willing to listen to,
follow and knows how to manage their workers efficiently.
Discuss the role of manager within an organization - Answers - a. Plans/Makes
decisions/Sets objectives
b. Organizes
c. Motivates and communicates
d. Staffing/Training/Developing people
e. Assesses/Measures
How to successfully navigate the path to manager, handling challenges and avoiding
pitfalls along the way (successes, mistakes and ongoing struggles) - Answers - a.
Keeping good employees
b. Hiring
c. Dealing with bad behavior
d. Feedback and Evaluations
e. Terminating Employees
Assess health care workers' abilities to withstand fatigue - Answers - a. Health care
providers struggled trying to meet the aims from Triple Aims (2008)
b. Excessive Demands in the Workplace
c. Same as other Workers
, List the 3 domains of the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Answers - a. Emotional
Exhaustion
b. Depersonalization
c. [Diminished] Personal Accomplishment
Define "metacognition" and how it relates to wellness - Answers - a. Awareness and
understanding of one's own thought processes
b. "Thinking About Thinking"
c. May not be cognizant of fatigue or burnout "in the moment" but after end a shift or
first day off
Assess how fatigue and burnout impact healthcare - Answers - a. Impairs Ability to
Function at Normal Capacity
b. More likely to make errors
c. Delayed diagnostic ability
d. Delayed response time
Compare and contrast different techniques to address fatigue and burnout - Answers -
a. Mindfulness Meditation
b. Social Support
c. Show Gratitude
d. "Three Good Things" Movement
Describe an organization and the field of organizational behavior. - Answers - a.
Organization - A group of individuals working to reach some common goal
b. Organization behavior - Systematic and scientific analysis of individuals, groups, and
organizations to understand, predict, and affect human behavior to improve the
performance of individuals and the success of organizations
Describe why knowledge of health care organizations has become important over time.
- Answers - a. Important to know how the organizations for which they work function
and how the people within the organizations work in order to increase efficiency
b. Training and the place of employment for pharmacists has changed
c. Enhance employment experiences and increase chance for rewarding professional
career
Describe the basic components of an organization. - Answers - a. Values
b. Goals
c. Structure
d. Climate
e. External Environment
Describe the importance of organizational culture as it relates to pharmacy and
pharmacists and the implications of pharmacy organizational culture for pharmacies,
pharmacists and patient care. - Answers - a. Structure produces climate, or
psychological atmosphere of the organization
1900-1940 - Answers - i. Manufacturers & distributors
ii. Sharp business acumen to survive
1940-1970 - Answers - i. Role of Pharmacist shrunk (de-professionalized)
ii. Became more technical
iii. APhA code of Ethics regulated pharmacists to dispensers of pre-prepared drugs
1970-1990 - Answers - i. Medicare and cost control
ii. Millis Commission Report of 1975 stated that pharmacists were poorly trained in
communication and management
iii. Clinical pharmacist movement leads to PharmD
iv. Movement still lacks managerial skillset
1990-Today - Answers - i. Pharmaceutical Care and MTM
ii. A management movement
iii. Medicare Part D legislation (2003),
iv. 2010: Integrated care delivery, medication reviews and MTM programs
Describe how pharmacy practitioners and educators viewed the need for management
skills as the roles of pharmacists evolved. - Answers - a. Pharmacists are taking
greater responsibility for patients' outcomes arising from drug therapy
b. Ability to manage work environment
c. Pharmacists provide valuable expertise for direct and in direct patient care
Identify principal domains of pharmacy care. Describe how management skills and
functions fit within the context of providing medication therapy management services. -
Answers - a. Risk management - Data collection, OTC med history, DUR, report
adverse events, document therapeutic interventions and activities
b. Patient Advocacy - Promote patient wellbeing, maintain caring relationship
c. Disease Management - Provide information, make plans, monitor progression, give
support
d. Pharmacy Care Service Marketing - Meet prescribers, be active in community, have
private area for patient consultations, find good software to improve outcomes
e. Business Management - Utilize technicians and other staff to free up the pharmacist's
time
Identify myths surrounding the practice of pharmacy and health care as a business. -
Answers - a. Practice of pharmacy is ethically inconsistent with good business
b. Business is not a profession guided by ethics
c. In business, quality of care is secondary to generating profits
d. A good pharmacist is one who is a "clinical purist
Evaluate the need for a management perspective to better serve patients and improve
outcomes to drug therapy. - Answers - a. Increased Productivity - fewer medical errors
,b. Workplace advancement
c. "Managing" every day at work
d. Personal job satisfaction
e. Superior patient care, implementation of clinical services & happy & productive
personnel
List the managerial sciences and describe their use as tools to assist pharmacists in
practice. - Answers - a. Accounting
b. Finance
c. Economics
d. Human Resource management
e. Marketing
f. Operations Management
g. Value Creation
Define management, manager, and leader - Answers - a. Management - The process
of dealing with or controlling things or people.
b. Manager - A person who has control or direction of an institution or business
c. Leader - One who leads or commands a group or organization
Compare and contrast manager and leader (both are important) - Answers - a. A
manager is appointed and doesn't necessarily mean they are a good leader. A leader is
supported by his followers and may also not be a good manager. A good combination of
a leader and manager would be someone who their workers are willing to listen to,
follow and knows how to manage their workers efficiently.
Discuss the role of manager within an organization - Answers - a. Plans/Makes
decisions/Sets objectives
b. Organizes
c. Motivates and communicates
d. Staffing/Training/Developing people
e. Assesses/Measures
How to successfully navigate the path to manager, handling challenges and avoiding
pitfalls along the way (successes, mistakes and ongoing struggles) - Answers - a.
Keeping good employees
b. Hiring
c. Dealing with bad behavior
d. Feedback and Evaluations
e. Terminating Employees
Assess health care workers' abilities to withstand fatigue - Answers - a. Health care
providers struggled trying to meet the aims from Triple Aims (2008)
b. Excessive Demands in the Workplace
c. Same as other Workers
, List the 3 domains of the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Answers - a. Emotional
Exhaustion
b. Depersonalization
c. [Diminished] Personal Accomplishment
Define "metacognition" and how it relates to wellness - Answers - a. Awareness and
understanding of one's own thought processes
b. "Thinking About Thinking"
c. May not be cognizant of fatigue or burnout "in the moment" but after end a shift or
first day off
Assess how fatigue and burnout impact healthcare - Answers - a. Impairs Ability to
Function at Normal Capacity
b. More likely to make errors
c. Delayed diagnostic ability
d. Delayed response time
Compare and contrast different techniques to address fatigue and burnout - Answers -
a. Mindfulness Meditation
b. Social Support
c. Show Gratitude
d. "Three Good Things" Movement
Describe an organization and the field of organizational behavior. - Answers - a.
Organization - A group of individuals working to reach some common goal
b. Organization behavior - Systematic and scientific analysis of individuals, groups, and
organizations to understand, predict, and affect human behavior to improve the
performance of individuals and the success of organizations
Describe why knowledge of health care organizations has become important over time.
- Answers - a. Important to know how the organizations for which they work function
and how the people within the organizations work in order to increase efficiency
b. Training and the place of employment for pharmacists has changed
c. Enhance employment experiences and increase chance for rewarding professional
career
Describe the basic components of an organization. - Answers - a. Values
b. Goals
c. Structure
d. Climate
e. External Environment
Describe the importance of organizational culture as it relates to pharmacy and
pharmacists and the implications of pharmacy organizational culture for pharmacies,
pharmacists and patient care. - Answers - a. Structure produces climate, or
psychological atmosphere of the organization
