1|Page
FRESENIUS PCT NEW HIRE EXAM NEWEST 2025
ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+/
LATEST EXAM!!!
What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system
in order of urine flow? - Answer-(2) Kidneys, (2) ureters,
(1) bladder, (1) urethra.
Which of the functions of healthy kidneys are replaced by
dialysis? - Answer-Removal of waste products, and
Regulation of fluid balance
What is the function of renin? - Answer-Renin is a
hormone produced by the kidneys with important effects
on the regulation of blood pressure, and on sodium and
potassium balance
Erythropoietin - Answer-stimulates the bone marrow to
produce red blood cells (RBSc).
,2|Page
Why must the kidney activate Vitamin D? - Answer-The
kidney converts Vitamin D to Calcitriol, its activated form.
This activated form of Vitamin D helps to maintain good
bone health by helping absorb calcium from foods eaten
What causes renal osteodystrophy (bone disease)? -
Answer-No longer produce calcitriol - the active form of
Vitamin D o Inadequate or lacking calcitriol causes
demineralization of the bone - bone begins to break down
to release the calcium needed for body functioning No
longer excrete excess phosphorus (PO4) o Phosphorus is
found in most foods and beverages o Increased PO4
levels cause further calcium bone loss
What are the body fluid compartments? - Answer-
Intracellular-inside the cells • Extracellular-outside the cells
• Intravascular-inside the blood vessels • Interstitial-
between the cells
What is homeostasis? - Answer-Maintaining a stable
internal environment
uremia - Answer-build up of waste
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What is a semi-permeable membrane? - Answer-A
membrane made from protein, with small pores or holes.
Only certain molecules can fit through.
At what point during the hemodialysis treatment will
diffusion cease to occur? - Answer-Diffusion will continue
throughout the dialysis treatment until the concentration of
each electrolyte found in the patient's blood is equal to the
electrolyte concentration in the dialysate.
What is countercurrent flow? - Answer-Blood and dialysate
flow in opposite directions
What happens to diffusion when dialyzer fibers clot? -
Answer-Clotted fibers cause the permeability of the fiber to
be reduced or eliminated, causing a decrease in treatment
adequacy. As a result , diffusion does not occur as
particles cannot diffuse across the membrane.
What are the compartments of the dialyzer and what
separates them? - Answer-The blood compartment is
separated from the dialysate compartment by a semi-
permeable membrane. The blood and dialysate do not mix
together.
FRESENIUS PCT NEW HIRE EXAM NEWEST 2025
ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+/
LATEST EXAM!!!
What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system
in order of urine flow? - Answer-(2) Kidneys, (2) ureters,
(1) bladder, (1) urethra.
Which of the functions of healthy kidneys are replaced by
dialysis? - Answer-Removal of waste products, and
Regulation of fluid balance
What is the function of renin? - Answer-Renin is a
hormone produced by the kidneys with important effects
on the regulation of blood pressure, and on sodium and
potassium balance
Erythropoietin - Answer-stimulates the bone marrow to
produce red blood cells (RBSc).
,2|Page
Why must the kidney activate Vitamin D? - Answer-The
kidney converts Vitamin D to Calcitriol, its activated form.
This activated form of Vitamin D helps to maintain good
bone health by helping absorb calcium from foods eaten
What causes renal osteodystrophy (bone disease)? -
Answer-No longer produce calcitriol - the active form of
Vitamin D o Inadequate or lacking calcitriol causes
demineralization of the bone - bone begins to break down
to release the calcium needed for body functioning No
longer excrete excess phosphorus (PO4) o Phosphorus is
found in most foods and beverages o Increased PO4
levels cause further calcium bone loss
What are the body fluid compartments? - Answer-
Intracellular-inside the cells • Extracellular-outside the cells
• Intravascular-inside the blood vessels • Interstitial-
between the cells
What is homeostasis? - Answer-Maintaining a stable
internal environment
uremia - Answer-build up of waste
, 3|Page
What is a semi-permeable membrane? - Answer-A
membrane made from protein, with small pores or holes.
Only certain molecules can fit through.
At what point during the hemodialysis treatment will
diffusion cease to occur? - Answer-Diffusion will continue
throughout the dialysis treatment until the concentration of
each electrolyte found in the patient's blood is equal to the
electrolyte concentration in the dialysate.
What is countercurrent flow? - Answer-Blood and dialysate
flow in opposite directions
What happens to diffusion when dialyzer fibers clot? -
Answer-Clotted fibers cause the permeability of the fiber to
be reduced or eliminated, causing a decrease in treatment
adequacy. As a result , diffusion does not occur as
particles cannot diffuse across the membrane.
What are the compartments of the dialyzer and what
separates them? - Answer-The blood compartment is
separated from the dialysate compartment by a semi-
permeable membrane. The blood and dialysate do not mix
together.
