NUTR 280 Exam Questions and Answers |Complete Solutions Graded A+ |100% Correct
What are the functions/roles of protein? - growth, maintenance, and repair of tissue
- transport key substances (active transport)
- fluid/electrolyte balance
- acid/base (pH) balance
- last resort for fuel and glucose (costly)
What are examples of proteins and their roles? (3) - hormones (chemical messengers)
- enzymes (catalysts w/ specificity)
- antibodies (immune system protectors also w/ specific mission)
Tryptophan precursor for serotonin
Tyrosine precursor for epinephrine
Nonessential amino acids a group of amino acids that the body can make
Essential amino acids (EAAs) amino acids that the body CANNOT make/make enough of to
meet its needs
Conditionally essential amino acid normally nonessential, but become essential under a
certain condition
High-quality proteins complete proteins that are well-digested, absorbed, and used by the
body
Complete protein a food source of protein that contains an adequate proportion of each of
the 9 EAAs
, - meat, fish, poultry, eggs, dairy products
- NOT plant foods except quinoa and soy protein
Low-quality protein incomplete and generally less digestible, making their amino acids less
bioavailable than high-quality proteins
Incomplete protein food source of protein that contains inadequate amounts of one or
more of the essential amino acids
Limiting amino acid the essential amino acid found in the lowest concentration in an
incomplete protein
What are the characteristics of a limiting amino acid? - If the body does not have an
adequate amount of all the amino acids required to make a particular protein, that protein
cannot be synthesized
- Reduces the body's ability to support growth, repair, and maintenance of tissues
What characeristics are found in people with positive nitrogen balance? Growth, pregnant
women, and body building
What characeristics are found in people with zero nitrogen balance? maintaning, most
adults
What characeristics are found in people with negative nitrogen balance? muscle atrophy,
burn trauma, cancer, AIDS
What are the protein needs for adults? -0.8/kg bw
-0.36/lb bw
-10-35% per dietary guidelines
What are the functions/roles of protein? - growth, maintenance, and repair of tissue
- transport key substances (active transport)
- fluid/electrolyte balance
- acid/base (pH) balance
- last resort for fuel and glucose (costly)
What are examples of proteins and their roles? (3) - hormones (chemical messengers)
- enzymes (catalysts w/ specificity)
- antibodies (immune system protectors also w/ specific mission)
Tryptophan precursor for serotonin
Tyrosine precursor for epinephrine
Nonessential amino acids a group of amino acids that the body can make
Essential amino acids (EAAs) amino acids that the body CANNOT make/make enough of to
meet its needs
Conditionally essential amino acid normally nonessential, but become essential under a
certain condition
High-quality proteins complete proteins that are well-digested, absorbed, and used by the
body
Complete protein a food source of protein that contains an adequate proportion of each of
the 9 EAAs
, - meat, fish, poultry, eggs, dairy products
- NOT plant foods except quinoa and soy protein
Low-quality protein incomplete and generally less digestible, making their amino acids less
bioavailable than high-quality proteins
Incomplete protein food source of protein that contains inadequate amounts of one or
more of the essential amino acids
Limiting amino acid the essential amino acid found in the lowest concentration in an
incomplete protein
What are the characteristics of a limiting amino acid? - If the body does not have an
adequate amount of all the amino acids required to make a particular protein, that protein
cannot be synthesized
- Reduces the body's ability to support growth, repair, and maintenance of tissues
What characeristics are found in people with positive nitrogen balance? Growth, pregnant
women, and body building
What characeristics are found in people with zero nitrogen balance? maintaning, most
adults
What characeristics are found in people with negative nitrogen balance? muscle atrophy,
burn trauma, cancer, AIDS
What are the protein needs for adults? -0.8/kg bw
-0.36/lb bw
-10-35% per dietary guidelines
